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..2 Leaves oblong-lanceolate, > 4× as long as wide; leaf apices acuminate |
..2 Leaves suborbicular, 1-1.5× as long as wide; leaf apices broadly rounded |
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....3 Leaves 3-foliolate. |
......4 Terminal leaflet sessile; fruit red, glandular-pubescent; foliage and stems lacking contact poisons |
......4 Terminal leaflet distinctly petiolulate; fruit white or greenish, glabrous or with scattered trichomes; foliage and stems containing contact poisons |
....3 Leaves pinnately compound, with (3-) 5-41 leaflets (at least the larger and better-developed on a plant with 5 or more leaflets). |
........5 Leaf rachis winged (with a flange of leaf tissue, often irregular in width and terminating at each leaflet attachment). |
..........6 Fruits glandular-pubescent; stamens 5; inflorescence a terminal panicle, the central axis upright as a continuation of the stem |
..........6 Fruits glabrous; stamens 10; inflorescence of axillary panicles, the central axis angled from the main stem |
........5 Leaf rachis not winged. |
............ 7 Inflorescence either a terminal panicle (the central axis stiff and upright) or of axillary or terminal clusters of short spikes |
............ 7 Inflorescence of axillary or cauliflorous panicles, the central axis lax and often dangling. |
............ ..8 Leaves all or mostly even-pinnate (sometimes some leaves with an apparently terminal or obliquely subterminal leaflet) |
............ ..8 Leaves odd-pinnate. |
............ ....9 Leaflets 19-41 per leaf, 2-5 cm long, 0.4-1 cm wide, averaging 5× as long as wide; leaflet margins often strongly serrate (to entire); [rare non-native in FL peninsula and s. TX] |
............ ....9 Leaflets 3-25 per leaf, 2.5-20 cm long, 1.5-8 cm wide, averaging 1.2-3× as long as wide; leaflet margins entire or shallowly crenate. |
............ ......10 Leaflet margin with obvious marginal vein; fruits 25-40 mm long; [rare non-native in s. FL] |
............ ......10 Leaflet margin lacking marginal vein (though sometimes thickened and translucent); fruits 4-20 mm long; [collectively widespread]. |
............ ........11 Upper surface of leaflets dull, matte; inflorescences from the trunk (cauliflorous) or axillary; fruits 2-3 mm long; foliage and stems lacking contact poisons; [rare non-native in s. FL] |
............ ........11 Upper surface of leaflets shiny, as if lacquered; inflorescences axillary near the summit of the stem; fruits 4-14 mm long; foliage and stems containing contact poisons. |
............ ..........12 Leaves 3-5 (-7)-foliolate; leaflet base rounded, subcordate, or cordate; leaflets 1.2-1.7× as long as wide; fruits orange or brown; [FL, Martin County southwards] |
............ ..........12 Leaves 7-13 (-15)-foliolate; leaflet base cuneate to rounded; leaflets 2-2.5× as long as wide; fruits white or yellowish; [widespread (though irregular) in our region, in FL south to Highlands County] |
1 Leaflets 7-13, entire; small tree |
1 Leaflets 3, toothed, lobed, or entire; shrub or vine. |
..2 Fruits pubescent or papillose; leaflets entire, coarsely toothed, undulate, or round-lobed; lower surfaces of leaflets either velvety puberulent, sometimes becoming glabrate in age ( T. pubescens) or glabrous (glabrescent or rarely pilose beneath) but with prominent tufts of tannish hairs present in the vein axils ( T. radicans var. radicans). |
....3 Leaves sparsely pubescent (rarely pilose beneath), the apex and the lobes (if present) generally acute to acuminate; drupes papillose, scabrous or puberulent; plant a high-climbing vine or stoloniferous shrub; [of mesic, swampy, or dry habitats] |
....3 Leaves velvety puberulent (sometimes becoming glabrate in age), the apex and the lobes (if present) generally obtuse to broadly acute; drupes pubescent (becoming glabrate); plant a stoloniferous shrub; [of dry habitats, especially sandhills] |
..2 Fruits glabrous (or very sparsely pubescent); leaflets coarsely toothed or notched (rarely entire); lower surfaces of leaflets glabrous to pubescent, but without tufts of tannish hairs in the vein axils. |
......4 Leaflets deeply and sharply lobed or cut (the sinuses and the lobes V-shaped); [OK and TX] |
......4 Leaflets entire, undulate, to serrate; [collectively widespread]. |
........5 Leaves densely pilose and velvety on the lower surface; leaves pubescent on the upper surface; pubescence of the leaves erect |
........5 Leaves glabrous to sparsely strigose on the lower surface; leaves glabrous on the upper surface; pubescence of the leaves appressed. |
..........6 Leaflets suborbicular or broadly ovate, nearly as wide as long; petiole glabrous (rarely glabrescent); plant a shrub, the stems upright, entirely lacking aerial roots, not vining; fruits (3-) 4-7 mm in diameter |
..........6 Leaflets ovate to lanceolate; petiole puberulent to densely pubescent; plant a shrub or vine, the stems upright or twining; fruits 2.5-5.5 mm in diameter |