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Key to Erysimum

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1 Subshrubs, the stems woody at the base; petals 20-35 mm long, orange, yellow, brown, red, purple, violet, or white
1 Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, the stems not woody; petals 3.5-25 (-30) mm long, yellow, cream, or orange.
  2 Petals 12-25 (-30) mm long, 4-11 (-13) mm wide; seeds 2-3 mm long; biennial or perennial; [native].
    3 Pedicels spreading at nearly right angles to the rachis; fruits 4-angled and also longitudinally 4-striped; trichomes of the leaves 2-rayed; ovules 72-120 per ovary
    3 Pedicels ascending to spreading; fruits usually compressed but not 4-angled, also not longitudinally striped; trichomes of the fruits 2-5-rayed; ovules (40-) 54-82 per ovary
  2 Petals 3.5-10 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide; seeds ca. 1 mm long; annual or biennial.
      4 Sepals 1.8-3.5 mm long; petals 3.5-5.5 mm long; fruits (1-) 1.5-2.5 (-4) cm long; pedicels slender (much narrower than the fruit), 5-13 (-16) mm long
      4 Sepals 4.5-6 mm long; petals 6-9 (-11) mm long; fruits (1-) 1.5-9 (-10) cm long; pedicels slender (much narrower than the fruit) or thick (as wide as the fruit or nearly so), 2-9 (-15) mm long.
        5 Annual; fruit (2-) 3-8 (-10) cm long; fruiting pedicel as wide as the fruit
        5 Biennial or perennial; fruit (1-) 1.5-5.8 (-7) cm long; fruiting pedicel much to somewhat narrower than the fruit.
          6 Stigmas strongly 2-lobed; fruits subappressed to the rachises; leaf surfaces and fruit valves with 2- and 3-rayed trichomes
          6 Stigmas entire; fruits appressed to rachises; leaf blades and fruit valves with 3- and 4-rayed trichomes