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1 Leaves alternate (the internodes typically short and therefore the leaves looking nearly whorled) | |
3 Bark of older branches and stems splitting longitudinally, appearing braided; leaves without tufts of trichomes in axils of secondary veins on abaxial surface. | |
4 Abaxial leaf surface not coronulate, trichomes appressed and rigid, and erect and curling, on the same leaf, leaf base usually rounded or truncate | |
3 Bark of older branches and stems smooth, with scattered protruding lenticels; leaves with tufts of trichomes in axils of secondary veins on the abaxial surface. | |
5 Area surrounding lenticels not differentiated; leaves lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate; 5-7 veins per leaf side; tertiary veins not prominent | |
6 Trichomes appressed or slightly raised on the lower leaf surface. | |
7 Multiple stems from a single rootstock (occasionally appearing rhizomatous from decumbent stems); lenticels not protruding, bark swelling between lenticels; fruit blue | |
7 Rhizomatous, forming large colonies; lenticels protrude slightly, older stems appear verrucose; fruit white | |
8 Drupes blue to whitish-blue or white; shrub rhizomatous, with aerial stems spaces 1-6 dm apart; [native] | |