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| 1 Woody vine, climbing by adventitious roots; petals 7-10; [section Decumaria of clade Hydrangea I; or genus Decumaria] |
| 1 Shrub; petals 4-5. |
| ..2 Leaves pinnately lobed, the lobes toothed; inflorescence a panicle; large sterile flowers many (> 20 per inflorescence), borne throughout the inflorescence; [section undetermined (“incertae sedis”) of clade Hydrangea I; or genus Hydrangea s.s.] |
| ..2 Leaves unlobed, merely toothed; inflorescence a corymb (except H. paniculata); large sterile flowers absent to relatively few (0-15 per inflorescence), borne around the periphery of the corymb (except H. paniculata). |
| ....3 Inflorescence a panicle; large sterile flowers many (> 20 per inflorescence), borne throughout the inflorescence; [large shrub to small tree, to 8 m tall and 10 cm trunk diameter]; [alien, cultivated and sometimes persistent]; [section Heteromallae of clade Hydrangea I; or genus Heteromalla] |
| ....3 Inflorescence a corymb; large sterile flowers absent to relatively few (0-15 per inflorescence), borne around the periphery of the corymb; [small to medium shrub, to 3 m tall and 2 cm trunk diameter]; [native]; [section Hydrangea of clade Hydrangea I; or genus Hydrangea s.s.]. |
| ......4 Lower leaf surface glabrous or inconspicuously puberulent, appearing green; trichomes of the lower leaf surface restricted to the midrib and major veins; sterile flowers absent, or, if present, usually < 1 cm in diameter |
| ......4 Lower leaf surface variously pubescent, appearing white or gray; trichomes of the lower leaf surface on veins and interveinal areas; sterile flowers usually present, large and showy, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter. |
........5 Lower leaf surface velutinous, pilose, or tomentose, appearing gray; trichomes usually not dense enough to entirely mask the green leaf surface; trichomes with prominent tubercles (as seen at 40× magnification); sterile flowers generally very few (0-3 per inflorescence) |
| ........5 Lower leaf surface densely floccose-velutinous, felt-like, appearing bright white or silver; trichomes dense enough to entirely mask the green leaf surface; trichomes without tubercles, or with small and inconspicuous tubercles (as seen at 40× magnification); sterile flowers generally fairly many (2-15 per inflorescence) |