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1 Stems woody or suffrutescent, trailing or decumbent; leaves to 25 mm long (-60 mm long in P. bifida), to 3 (-5) mm wide, generally with short-shoots or fascicles of leaves in the axils of leaves of the sterile shoots. |
..2 United portion of the style 5-12 mm long, the cleft portion ca. 1 mm long. |
....3 Larger leaves > 3 cm long; nodes 4-5, spaced; petals deeply notched, the notch 1.5-5 mm deep |
....3 Larger leaves < 2.5 cm long; nodes >6, crowded; petals shallowly notched, the notch 0.5-3 mm deep |
..2 United portion of the style 1.5-4 mm long, the cleft portion 0.5-2 mm long. |
......4 Leaves to 60 mm long and 5 mm wide; petal lobes about as wide as long; [ne. TX north through c. OK to sc. KS] |
......4 Leaves to 30 cm long and 3 mm wide; petal lobes longer than broad; [s. VA south and west to e. MS; disjunct in se. TX] |
........5 Pubescence with minute gland tips; corolla lobes cleft at the apex to 2.5 mm deep; [e. TX] |
........5 Pubescence conspicuously gland-tipped; corolla lobes merely slightly emarginate at the apex; [AL east and north to s. VA]. |
..........6 Fertile shoots (10-) 15-30 cm tall; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 12-25 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide on sterile shoots, 2.5-5 mm wide on fertile shoots; pubescence of the inflorescence mostly with conspicuously glandular tips |
..........6 Fertile shoots (3-) 8-12 (-15) cm tall; upper leaves linear-lanceolate, up to 8-12 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide on sterile shoots, 1.5-3 mm wide on fertile shoots; pubescence of the inflorescence mostly with finely glandular tips |
1 Stems herbaceous, erect or decumbent; leaves (at least the larger) > 25 mm long and/or > 5 mm wide, generally lacking axillary fascicles of leaves. |
............ 7 Style long, (12-) 14-26 mm long, the united portion 3-30× as long as the cleft portion; stamens equaling or exceeding the corolla tube (thus in part exserted). |
............ ..8 Plants forming colonies by rhizomes, stolons, and/or prostrate sterile shoots with evergreen to semi-evergreen leaves; flowering shoots 1-4 (-5) dm tall. |
............ ....9 Plants with rhizomes and stolons tipped with clustered, evergreen, linear to lanceolate leaves 3-12 cm long, 5-10 (-12) mm wide |
............ ....9 Plants with prostrate sterile shoots with scattered, semi-evergreen, spatulate to obovate leaves 1.5-4.5 cm long, 5-16 mm wide |
............ ..8 Plants not colony-forming by rhizomes or stolons; flowering shoots (3-) 5-20 dm tall. |
............ ......10 Leaf margin ciliate-serrulate; lateral veins of the leaves readily apparent, these joining to form a connecting vein parallel to the leaf margin. |
............ ........11 Bracts of the inflorescence pubescent with glandular hairs; corolla tube glabrous; leaves opposite; nodes usually 8-15; leaves usually 2-3× as long as wide |
............ ........11 Bracts of the inflorescence pubescent with non-glandular hairs; corolla tube pubescent (rarely glabrous); leaves subopposite (at least near the inflorescence); nodes usually 15-40; leaves usually 3-4× as long as wide |
............ ......10 Leaf margin smooth or slightly rough; lateral veins of the leaves not readily apparent, not forming a connecting vein parallel to the leaf margin. |
............ ..........12 Flowering shoots arising from decumbent stems; nodes below the inflorescence 3-7 |
............ ............ 13 Sterile, decumbent stems short; nodes (3-) 4 (-5); lower leaves long-petioled |
............ ............ 13 Sterile, decumbent stems elongate; nodes (5-) 6 (-7); lower leaves short-petioled |
............ ..........12 Flowering shoots arising from rhizomes; nodes below the inflorescence 7 or more. |
............ ............ ..14 Cymes several, the lower on rather short and uniform peduncles, thus the inflorescence as a whole subcylindric in outline. |
............ ............ ....15 Nodes 7-15, well-spaced; upper leaves oblong to ovate, cordate at the base; flowering early summer |
............ ............ ....15 Nodes 16-35, crowded; upper leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong; truncate to subcordate at the base; flowering late summer |
............ ............ ..14 Cymes solitary or several, if several then the lower on long peduncles, thus the inflorescence as a whole broadly rounded or even flat-topped. |
............ ............ ......16 Calyx subcylindric, the sepals fairly broad, with a rather weak midrib, the junction-membranes thin, narrow, becoming markedly plicate-keeled |
............ ............ ......16 Calyx subcampanulate, the sepals narrow with a well-developed midrib, the junction-membranes firm, broad and flat (to slightly plicate-keeled) |
............ 7 Style short, 1-4 mm long, the united portion 1-1.5 (-2)× as long as the cleft portion; stamens shorter than the corolla tube (thus included). |
............ ............ ........17 Upper leaves alternate; annual; corollas red, white, bright purple, purplish-pink, or variegated. |
............ ............ ..........18 Corolla tube constricted at orifice; corollas bright purple (rarely pink or nearly white), with a conspicuous yellow eye; [TX] |
............ ............ ..........18 Corolla tube not constricted at the orifice; corollas red, white, purplish-pink, or variegated; [collectively widespread]. |
............ ............ ............ 19 Largest leaves > 10× as long as wide; corolla tubes 10-14 mm long, glabrous or pilose; corollas purplish-pink, with well-developed white 'eye'; [s. and se. TX]. |
............ ............ ............ ..20 Corolla tube glabrous |
............ ............ ............ ..20 Corolla tube pilose |
............ ............ ............ 19 Largest leaves < 10× as long as wide; corolla tubes (10-) 14-20 mm long, usually pubescent (very rarely glabrous); corollas red, white, pink, lavender, or variegated; [collectively widespread]. |
............ ............ ............ ....21 Populations variable in flower color, usually mixes of white, pink, lavender, red, and mixtures; [collectively widespread, naturalized in dry sandy soils of roadsides, fields, and disturbed areas] |
............ ............ ............ ....21 Populations uniform in flower color; [sc. OK south to s. TX]. |
............ ............ ............ ......22 Corollas bright red or crimson to deep lavender; mid-stem leaves mostly sessile or abruptly tapered to the blade base; [se. TX] |
............ ............ ............ ......22 Corollas pink or lavender; mid-stem leaves mostly gradually tapered at base; [c., nc., and sc. TX]. |
............ ............ ............ ........23 Mature pedicels mostly 2-5 mm long; [c. and nc. TX] |
............ ............ ............ ........23 Mature pedicels mostly (4-) 5-12 mm long; [sc. TX] |
............ ............ ........17 Upper leaves opposite or subopposite; perennial; corollas blue, lavender, or pink; [native, mostly of forests, woodlands, or roadbanks]. |
............ ............ ............ ..........24 Sterile shoots rooting at the nodes; leaves broad-elliptic, ca. 2-3× as long as wide; sepals acuminate to very slightly awned, the awn 0-0.5 mm long; corolla tube glabrous. |
............ ............ ............ ............ 25 Corolla lobes notched at the apex |
............ ............ ............ ............ 25 Corolla robes rounded or truncate at the apex |
............ ............ ............ ..........24 Sterile shoots not rooting at the nodes; leaves narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear, ca. 4-10× as long as wide; sepals awned, the awn 0.5-3.0 mm long; corolla glabrous, pilose, or glandular-pubescent. |
............ ............ ............ ............ ..26 Cymes compact, the lowest branches short, < 0.5 cm long; corolla glabrous; pedicels 1-6 mm long. |
............ ............ ............ ............ ....27 Leaves and bracts oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, acute to obtuse (rarely acuminate), the larger 20-40 (-50) mm long, 4-8 (-12) mm wide, ca. 5× as long as wide; bracts below the inflorescence hiding the calyces |
............ ............ ............ ............ ....27 Leaves and bracts linear to lanceolate, acuminate, the larger 35-45 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, ca. 10× as long as wide; bracts below the inflorescence not hiding the calyces |
............ ............ ............ ............ ..26 Cymes open, the lowest branches elongate, > 1 cm long; corolla usually glandular-pubescent or pilose (rarely glabrous); pedicels 1-8 (-12) mm long |
............ ............ ............ ............ ......28 Leaves largest below the middle of the stem |
............ ............ ............ ............ ......28 Leaves largest above the midpoint of the stem. |
............ ............ ............ ............ ........29 Plants glabrous |
............ ............ ............ ............ ........29 Plants pubescent with glandular and/or nonglandular hairs. |
............ ............ ............ ............ ..........30 Calyx lobes with long non-glandular hairs, the tips cuspidate and erect |
............ ............ ............ ............ ..........30 Calyx lobes with short glandular hairs, the tips aristate and somewhat reflexed. |
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 31 Inflorescence and calyx hairs lustrous (10x or greater), but eglandular |
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 31 Inflorescence and calyx hairs gland-tipped. |
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..32 Upper stem leaves mostly linear, the base rounded or truncate; stems with non-glandular hairs towards the base, grading to glandular hairs towards the tip of the stem |
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..32 Upper stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, subcordate and broadest at the base; stems pubescent throughout with glandular hairs |