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1 Leaves 2-5 cm long, 0.3-1.0 cm wide; corolla lobes erect, creamy yellow to greenish white, 7-10 mm long; plant 1-4 dm tall; [of dryish pinelands of the Coastal Plain, e. NC to s. FL, west to FL Panhandle] |
1 Leaves 3-30 cm long, 0.5-11 cm wide (not simultaneously < 5 cm long and < 1 cm wide); corolla lobes reflexed, either orange-red, purple, pink, greenish-yellow, or green, 5-15 mm long; plant 2-10 dm tall; [collectively widespread]. |
2 Leaves cordate- clasping at base, 3-10 cm wide, 1-2.5× as long as wide; stem and leaves glabrous and usually also glaucous; flowers primarily pink-colored. |
3 Plant prostrate or decumbent; leaves blue-green with conspicuous pink veins throughout; inflorescence usually with numerous axillary umbels present (occasionally plants with a solitary terminal umbel); [dry pinelands of the southeastern coastal plain; NC to FL, w. to e. LA] |
3 Plant erect, not falling over and laying on the ground; leaves green, not blue-tinted, with pink midribs but lacking conspicuous secondary or tertiary pink veins; umbels solitary and terminal or with a few umbels concentrated terminally or in the upper most leaf axils; [collectively widespread] |
4 Leaves usually spreading (although also sometimes upright or oriented downward), with strongly undulate margins; peduncles long, the terminal umbel usually strongly exerted past the upper leaves; [widespread in our region] |
4 Leaves usually ascending, without (or with only slightly) undulate margins; peduncles short, slightly exerted, the terminal umbels usually not surpassing the upper-most leaves; [south to sc. OH, s. IN, s. IL, MO, and OK] |
2 Leaves cuneate, rounded, or cordate at base; rarely cordate- clasping; 1-6 cm wide, (1-) 1.5-6× as long as wide; stem and leaves pubescent to glabrate (or glabrous in A. meadii); flowers cream, green, or pink-colored (if pink colored then leaves lanceolate and acuminate-tipped). |
5 Corolla lobes 12-15 mm long, greenish-yellow (sometimes suffused with some purple); flowers 3-6 (-8) per umbel; hoods strongly inward-arching over the gynostegium, almost touching at their tips. |
5 Corolla lobes 6-9 mm long, reddish-purple, pink, pale green, or greenish-yellow; flowers > 7 per umbel; hoods erect, or slightly spreading at their tips. |
6 Leaves lanceolate, acuminate at the apex; corolla reddish purple to pink, the lobes 7-9 mm long; [of wetlands, Coastal Plain and very rarely inland] |
7 Flowers primarily green-colored; plants usually with solitary terminal umbels nodding; [upland prairies; rare from s. MO and s. IL n. to nw. IN and sw. IA] |
7 Flowers primarily pink-colored; plants often with more than one umbel and usually oriented upright; [wet habitats and seepages of the Coastal Plain; NJ to FL, w. to TX] |
6 Leaves orbicular to oblong, rounded at the apex; corolla pale green (sometimes suffused with some purple), the lobes 6-7 mm long; [of dry habitats, widespread] |
8 Hood with a narrowly falcate horn, sometimes suffused pink, margins of the hood strongly curved inward, conspicuous; corolla lobes usually flaring outward |
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1 Corolla ( not the corona) greenish, either pale green or yellowish green. |
2 Leaves subopposite (to alternate upwards); corolla lobes 7-17 mm long. |
3 Corolla lobes 7-12 mm long; leaves mostly 4-7× as long as wide, acuminate at the apex; [e. OK and e. TX and westwards] |
3 Corolla lobes 13-17 mm long; leaves mostly 2-4× as long as wide, obtuse at the apex; [c. TX and c. OK and eastwards] |
2 Leaves opposite; corolla lobes 6-10 mm long. |
4 Corona 2-3 mm across; corolla lobes pale green, 5-7 mm long; [of various provinces, Coastal Plain and also especially inland] |
5 Corolla lobes reflexed- rotate; corona white to pink, with purple markings; [ne. FL to s. peninsular FL] |
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4 Corona 5-9 mm across; corolla lobes yellowish green, 9-10 mm long; [strictly of the Coastal Plain, of NC and SC, and southward]. |
6 Hoods ca. 6 mm long, about 2× as long as the gynostegium; stem and leaves densely tomentulose |
6 Hoods ca. 4 mm long, scarcely exceeding the gynostegium; stem and leaves softly puberulent |
1 Corolla (NOT the corona) pink, purple, crimson, orange, or white. |
7 Hoods about as long as the anther heads; horns 1-2× as long as the hood, exserted slightly to well beyond the hood. |
8 Hood opening truncate, the hood therefore beaker-shaped; corolla lobes 8-12 mm long; [primarily of mesic forests of the Mountains] |
8 Hood opening very oblique, the hood therefore scoop-shaped; corolla lobes 2.5-10 mm long; [primarily of wetlands of various provinces]. |
9 Corolla bright orangey red, the lobes 5-10 mm long; corona orangey yellow; gynostegium orangey yellow |
9 Corolla white, pink, rose, or purple, the lobes 2.5-6 mm long; corona white, pink, or rose; gynostegium white or pale pink. |
10 Plants 3-5 dm tall; corolla lobes usually white (rarely slightly pink); corona white; leaves glabrous beneath; [of the Coastal Plain of SC] |
10 Plants 5-15 dm tall; corolla lobes rose to purple (rarely white); corona pink or rose; leaves pubescent to glabrate beneath; [collectively widespread]. |
11 Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to glabrescent; leaves narrow, the base obtuse to truncate, the apex long- acuminate; plants usually much branched |
11 Stems and leaves moderately to densely pubescent; leaves broader, the base rounded to subcordate, the apex acute to short- acuminate; plants usually relatively strict |
7 Hoods distinctly longer than the anther heads; horns 0.5-1× as long as the hood, not conspicuously exserted beyond the hood. |
12 Lower leaf surface pubescent over the surface. |
13 Hood margin irregular but not with a sharp tooth; umbels terminal and extra- axillary; corolla purplish-rose; leaves with 1-2 stipular colleters on each side of petioles, abaxial surfaces sparsely pilosulous; plants 4-10 dm tall |
13 Hood margin with a single, ascending, triangular tooth; ; leaves with 1-5 stipular colleters on each side of petioles, abaxial surfaces tomentose to glabrate; corolla rose or greenish-white; plants (5-) 8-20 dm tall |
12 Lower leaf surface glabrous to sparsely pubescent along the midvein only. |
14 Hood opening very oblique, the hood therefore scoop-shaped, and also with 2 prominent lateral teeth; corolla pink to greenish (rarely white); plants 2-5 dm tall |
14 Hood opening truncate and constricted, and lacking prominent teeth; corolla white (often pink at the "waist"); plants 3-12 dm tall |
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1 Leaves opposite (or apparently whorled in A. quadrifolia). |
2 Follicle pendant; seeds without a coma; [of swamp forests of SC and southward] |
2 Follicle erect; seeds with a coma; [collectively widespread]. |
3 Leaf-bearing nodes 3-4, the upper and lower opposite, the middle with a whorl of 4 leaves |
3 Leaf-bearing nodes 3-many, all opposite. |
4 Follicle slightly to strongly muricate |
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5 Lower leaf surface glabrous, or pubescent on the midrib only |
6 Leaves 1-3 cm wide; follicles 6-10 cm long |
6 Leaves 3-11 cm wide; follicles 12-14 cm long |
5 Lower leaf surface pubescent. |
7 Leaves lanceolate, 4-10× as long as wide. |
8 Leaves coriaceous, 3-10 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm wide; [of dry upland situations] |
8 Leaves herbaceous, 6-15 cm long, 2-7 cm wide; [of moist to wetland situations]. |
9 Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to glabrescent; leaves narrow, the base obtuse to truncate, the apex long- acuminate; plants usually much branched |
9 Stems and leaves moderately to densely pubescent; leaves broader, the base rounded to subcordate, the apex acute to short- acuminate; plants usually relatively strict |
7 Leaves ovate to elliptic, 1.5-4× as long as wide. |
10 Stem moderately to densely pubescent; plants 1.5-5 (-7) dm tall; [of xeric pinelands of the Coastal Plain of from NC to s. FL, west to OK, AR, and TX]. |
11 Stem and leaves densely tomentulose; leaves mucronate |
11 Stem and leaves softly puberulent; leaves apiculate |
10 Stem glabrous to pubescent in lines only; plants 2-12 dm tall; [collectively of various habitats throughout our area]. |
12 Lower leaf surface densely puberulent; [primarily of moist to wet habitats] |
12 Lower leaf surface glabrous or slightly pubescent; [of moist or dry habitats]. |
13 Leaves 4-9 cm wide, acuminate at the apex |
13 Leaves 1-6 cm wide, mostly obtuse at the apex. |
14 Leaves with subcordate, truncate, or broadly rounded bases; [ne. FL to s. peninsular FL] |
14 Leaves with cuneate or rounded bases; [widespread in our area, but not ne. FL and peninsular FL] |