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5 Leaves linear; corolla yellow, funnelform, ca. 5 cm long; fruit green to brown; [non-native, s. TX and FL peninsula] | |
3 Leaves opposite or whorled. | |
6 Plants unarmed, the stems without spines. | |
7 Plant rhizomatous, suffrutescent, < 4 dm tall; leaves narrowly to broadly ovate; flowers blue, lavender, or white | |
7 Plant erect, > 4 dm tall; leaves either lanceolate or elliptic (or oblanceolate in Allamanda cathartica); flowers yellow, white, pink, or red. | |
8 Flowers white, pink, or red; shrub 10-40 dm tall, much branched from the base; [commonly cultivated in our area (and sometimes persistent), particularly near the coast; NC s. to FL, w. to TX] | |
9 Leaves oblanceolate, 15-40 mm wide, mostly in whorls of 3-4; plants larger trailing or erect woody vines; follicles rounded and spiny; [non-native of disturbed habitats, c. and s. FL] | |
11 Plant a trailing herbaceous vine with weak, thin stems (<2 mm in diameter); leaves petiolate and heart-shaped, 2-4 cm long | |
13 Flower > 20 mm across; paired follicles erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long; seeds lacking coma; mature plants 2-6 dm tall | |
14 Leaves conspicuously cordate at base (or subcordate to truncate in Vinceotoxicum), ovate to broadly lanceolate, ca. 1-4× as long as wide. | |
16 Latex clear | |
17 Flowers maroon-colored; leaf bases usually truncate or rounded (occasionally subcordate) | |
16 Latex white | |
18 Stem pubescence a mix of eglandular and glandular-capitate hairs; petals purple-black, brown, yellow, yellow-green, cream, or maroon (white in Matelea baldwyniana); gynostegial corona < ½ as long as the corolla lobes. | |
20 Corolla lobes glandular-puberulent or puberulent on the outer surface; dorsal anther appendages absent; carpels muricate (Matelea) | |
21 Latex clear. | |
21 Latex white. | |
26 Leaves linear, the margins parallel. | |
27 Leaves sessile; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, (1.3-) 1.5-2.5 mm long; leaves sessile, reflexed, persistent; follicle 6-7 mm in diameter; [of ne. NC and southwards] | |
29 Stems herbaceous; corollas maroon-colored throughout, without green corolla margins; [widespread non-natives, ne. US] | |
30 Flowers lacking a corona, white to creamy yellow or pure yellow colored. | |
32 Corolla lobes 8-18 mm long, rounded, spreading, white; leaves coriaceous; [native or non-native]. | |
33 Corolla salverform, long and tubular (viewing flower from the side), the lobes 11-18 mm long; [native, s. FL] | |
33 Corolla campanulate (above short cylindric base, view flower from side), the lobes 8-12 mm long; [non-native] |