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Key to Gratiola

Plantaginaceae

Gratiola

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1 Capsule flattened, wider than long, notched; leaves dimorphic, with narrow submersed leaves on the lower stems, and broad floating leaves just subtending the aerial inflorescences; [of vernal pools on granite outcrops in Piedmont SC, GA, and AL]
1 Capsule turgid, longer than wide; leaves monomorphic; [collectively of many habitats and widespread].
  2 Flowers and fruits sessile or subsessile, the pedicels < 1 mm long; perennial.
    3 Leaves ovate; corolla 1-1.5 × as long as the calyx
  2 Flowers and fruits on definite pedicels; annual or perennial.
      4 Leaves clasping or subclasping-rounded at the base; perennial; [section Gratiola].
        5 Calyx subtended by 0 (-1) bractlet; corolla lobes white; corolla tube greenish yellow, conspicuously veined
        5 Calyx subtended by 2 bractlets; corolla lobes white or yellow-orange; corolla tube greenish yellow and conspicuously veined, or orange and not conspicuously veined.
          6 Corolla lobes and tube yellow-orange (very rarely white), not conspicuously veined; sepals and flower stalks sparsely or not at all glandular-puberulent
          6 Corolla lobes white to lavender, corolla tube greenish yellow, usually conspicuously veined; sepals and flower stalks densely glandular-puberulent.
             7 Leaves triangular to lanceolate, margins entire, or with a few teeth toward the tip; corolla veined with brown lines; sepals linear-lanceolate
               8 Leaves 3.5× as long as wide; lower leaf surface with only sunken, translucent glands
               8 Leaves < 3× as long as wide; lower leaf surface with large, yellow sessile glands and sunken, translucent glands
      4 Leaves cuneate at the base; annual; [section Nibora].
                 9 Corolla white (or with pink or purple flush); [collectively widespread].
                   10 Pedicels slender, spreading, 10-45 mm long.
                       12 Mid-stem leaves (6-) 7-13 (-18) mm long; proximal fruiting pedicels (5-) 7-17 (-22) mm long, (0.9-) 1-2 (-2.3) × as long as the subtending bracteal leaves; bracteoles shorter than to barely exceeding the sepals; [of granite outcrops in the GA Piedmont]
                       12 Mid-stem leaves (11-) 20-41 (-66) mm long; proximal fruiting pedicels (8-) 13-25 (-37) mm long, (0.3-) 0.5-1 (-1.6) × as long as the subtending bracteal leaves; bracteoles slightly to conspicuously longer than the sepals; [collectively of more habitats and more widespread].
                          13 Leaves narrowly elliptic or rhombic to oblanceolate, not conspicuously falcate, (2.7-) 5-11 (-18) mm wide, (2.5-) 3.5-5 (-6)× as long as wide; leaf margins with (1-) 3-5 (-7) teeth per side; primary veins 3-5 (-7); mid-stem moderately to densely glandular pubescent (rarely glabrate); seeds (0.18-) 0.22-0.26 (-0.29) mm thick; [widespread]
                          13 Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, to elliptic-lanceolate, often falcate, (1-) 2.5-4 (-4.5) mm wide, (5.5-) 6-9.5 (-11)× as long as wide; leaf margins with 0-2 (-3) teeth per side; primary veins 1 (-3); mid-stem glabrous; seeds (0.19-) 0.26-0.32 (-0.37) mm thick; [limestone cedar glades of n. AL and c. TN]