1 Leaves coriaceous, evergreen.

  2 Leaves with a well-developed apical spine (and usually also marginal spines) 2-6 mm long.

    3 Flowers in 1-few-flowered axillary cymes, on growth of the same year; upper leaf surfaces somewhat shiny to matte; marginal leaf spines (when present) in the plane of the leaf or mostly declined < 30 degrees from that plane; [native trees of a wide variety of habitats]; [section Cassinoides]

      4 Leaves somewhat yellowish green above, 1.5-5.0 (-6.0) cm long, 1.0-2.5 (-3.1) cm wide, strongly revolute; fruits orange to red; [of Florida scrub and other dry sandy habitats of FL]

      4 Leaves dark green above, 3-12 cm long, 2.0-5.5 cm wide, flat to slightly revolute; fruits red (rarely yellow); [of moist to fairly dry habitats, widespread in our area]

    3 Flowers in axillary clusters, on growth of the previous year; upper leaf surfaces very shiny; marginal leaf spines (when present) often strongly oriented below or above the plane of the leaf; [exotic shrubs or small trees usually in suburban or urban areas]; [section Ilex]

        5 Lateral leaf margin spines > 5 per leaf side (rarely 0, in some cultivars)

        5 Lateral leaf margin spines usually 0, 2, or 4 per leaf side

  2 Leaves with margins either entire, crenate, serrate, or with marginal spinose prickles < 2 mm long (the apex sometimes mucronate, but not stiff and spinose).

          6 Leaves crenate from base to apex, 0.5-4.5 cm long; calyx and corolla 4-lobed.

             7 Fruits black; leaf undersurface with punctate glands; leaf apex obtuse to broadly acute, tipped with a small but obvious sharp tooth (best seen at 10× or greater); [exotic shrub, rarely naturalized, especially in suburban areas]; [section Paltoria]

             7 Fruits red or yellow; leaf undersurface lacking punctate glands; leaf apex notched (retuse), with a very small mucro in the notch (best seen at 10× or greater); [native shrub of the Coastal Plain, sometimes planted and naturalized elsewhere]; [section Repandae]

          6 Leaves entire, crenate (if so, only beyond the midpoint), serrate, or with marginal spinose prickles, 2-10 cm long; calyx and corolla 4-lobed or 5-9-lobed.

               8 Fruits black; calyx and corolla 5-9-lobed; leaves crenate near the tip or with a few marginal spinose prickles, or entire, with dark punctate dots beneath; [section Glabra].

                 9 Leaves 1.5-3× as long as wide, generally about 2-3 cm wide, broadly elliptic and widest near the midpoint of the blade; leaf margins either entire or with a few, irregularly spaced, marginal spinose prickles that diverge from the margin

                 9 Leaves 3-4× as long as wide, generally about 1 cm wide (almost never > 2 cm wide), obovate and widest beyond the midpoint of the blade; leaf margins crenate in the apical 1/2 to 1/3 (almost never entire)

               8 Fruits red, yellow, or black; calyx and corolla 4-lobed; leaves entire (or with a few spinose serrations), lacking dark punctate dots beneath.

                   10 Fruits black or purple when ripe; peduncle absent or very short (< 3 mm long), the flowers (later fruits) thus clustered in the leaf axils; [of s. FL only]; [section undetermined]

                   10 Fruits red or yellow when ripe; peduncle elongate; [more widespread in our area]; [section Cassinoides].

                     11 Leaves oblanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 3-12 cm long, (8-) 15-40 mm wide, 2-4× as long as wide; petioles (3-) 5-15 mm long; leaf apex acute, obtuse, or rounded; branchlets strongly ascending, most of them forming an angle of < 45 degrees to the branch

                     11 Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 2-4 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, 3-7× as long as wide; petioles 1-3 (-5) mm long; leaf apex acute to acuminate; branchlets ascending to spreading, most of them forming angles greater than 45 degrees to the branch, and often at right angles

1 Leaves membranous, deciduous.

                       12 Leaves toothed; [collectively widespread in our area].

                          13 Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, broadest above the middle (to near the middle), 8-30 (-45) mm wide, narrowly cuneate basally, mostly 2-3× as long as wide; [section Prinoides].

                            14 Pedicels of fruits and pistillate flowers 2-6 mm long; pedicels of staminate flowers (2-) 4-8 (-16) mm long; leaves mostly gray green, often revolute, especially toward the base; pubescence of the lower leaf surface tomentose, primarily on or near the midrib; leaf margins rarely ciliate.

                              15 Leaves 2-4.8 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide; fruits 4-5 mm in diameter; sepals usually ciliate; [apparently endemic to the Suwanee River drainage of sc. GA and e. Panhandle FL]

                              15 Leaves 4.5-8.5 (-10) cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide; fruits (4-) 5-8 (-9) mm in diameter; sepals not ciliate; [widespread in our area, in the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and rarely Mountains of our area]

                            14 Pedicels of fruits and pistillate flowers (5.5-) 10-30 mm long; pedicels of staminate flowers (10-) 15-25 mm long; leaves rarely revolute; pubescence of the lower leaf surface strigose, distributed on the surface; leaf margins often ciliate.

                                16 Upper leaf surface with trichomes throughout; sepals ciliate; leaf blades entire to shallowly crenate

                                16 Upper leaf surface glabrous, or with trichomes confined to the veins or their vicinity; sepals eciliate; leaf blades crenate to distinctly serrate

                          13 Leaves elliptic or ovate, broadest near the middle, (10-) 20-55 mm wide, rounded to broadly cuneate basally, mostly 1-2.5× as long as wide.

                                  17 Tertiary veins on undersurface of leaf blades reticulate, defining areoles between the raised primary and secondary veins; fruit surface dull; fruiting pedicels 6-14 mm long (averaging about 10 mm); [of blackwater floodplains and clay-based Carolina bays of the Coastal Plain]; ["clade IV"]

                                  17 Tertiary veins on undersurface of leaf blades obscure, not defining obvious areoles between the raised primary and secondary veins; fruit surface shiny; fruiting pedicels either (8-) 10-30 mm long or 2-9 mm long (averaging either < 6 mm or > 15 mm long); [collectively of various habitats, widespread in our area].

                                    18 Fruiting pedicels (8-) 10-30 mm long; fruit (7-) 8-12 mm in diameter, bright cherry-red; petiole with a deeply U- to V-shaped channel on its upper side (made by the decurrent leaf edges), with dark ascending trichomes in the channel; bark of 2-3 year old twigs usually light tan; [of bogs, seepages, and very moist forests of the Mountains]; [section Prinoides]

                                    18 Fruiting pedicels 2-9 mm long; fruit 5-9 (-12) mm in diameter, duller red to orange; petiole with U-shaped channel on its upper side, with white appressed trichomes in the channel, or the petiole nearly terete; bark of 2-3 year old twigs usually brown, gray, or purplish; [collectively of various habitats, widespread in our area].

                                       19 Nutlets (5-) 6-8 per fruit, smooth on the (curved) back; staminate flower clusters on peduncles 2-6 mm long; pistillate flowers with entire corolla lobes; flowers mostly in axils of leaves on normal shoots; petiole nearly terete in cross-section (or very shallowly channeled on the upper surface); [section Prinos].

                                         20 Sepals glabrous (in flower or fruit), acute; leaves lighter green, slightly if at all rugose

                                         20 Sepals ciliate (in flower or fruit), obtuse; leaves darker green, often moderately rugose

                                       19 Nutlets 4-5 per fruit, with striate ridges on the (curved) back; staminate flower clusters sessile or very short-peduncled (0-2 mm long); pistillate flowers with ciliate corolla lobes; flowers mostly in axils of leaves on lateral short-shoots; petiole with U-shaped channel on its upper side, with white appressed trichomes in the channel; [section Prinoides].

                                           21 Leaves 2-9 (-10.5) cm long, elliptic to broadly ovate, often nearly round, the base usually rounded, the apex abruptly to gradually acuminate, the marginal teeth usually inconspicuous; petioles of mature leaves usually < 1 cm long; fruits 5-9 mm in diameter; plant a shrub to 6 m tall; [of the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains]

                                           21 Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont]

1 Leaves evergreen. {add to 1a: Ternstroemia in PENTAPHYLACACEAE, Pyracantha in ROSACEAE, Thymelaea in THYMELAEACEAE; Chrysophyllum in SAPOTACEAE; Glycosmis parviflora in RUTACEAE}.

  2 Leaves 1-7 mm long, either acicular and spreading or ovate and appressed to the stems

  2 Leaves > 10 mm long.

    3 Leaves linear, > 15× as long as wide, usually sharply pointed at the apices (Ilex can have pointed apices, but leaves are not linear and marginal teeth often also present); [Monocots]

    3 Leaves broader, < 15× as long as wide, leaf apices variously shaped, if pointed usually not conspicuously sharpened; [Eudicots, Basal Angiosperms, or Monocots].

      4 Plant a creeping subshrub, < 1 dm tall

      4 Plant not creeping, > 3 dm tall (mature plants).

        5 Inflorescence an involucrate head or a raceme or a panicle consisting of spherical heads (Conocarpus in COMBRETACEAE).

          6 Inflorescence an involucrate head, the heads consisting of a receptacle bearing few-many cypselae; plants of various habitats, but not forming dense stands of shrubs in coastal habitats

          6 Inflorescence a raceme or panicle consisting of spherical heads, the fruit densely clustered in conelike heads but not cypselae; leaf abaxial surfaces with conspicuous pit domatia at the junction of midvein and secondary veins; plants salt-adapted shrubs of coastal habitats

        5 Inflorescence not an involucrate head, instead either solitary (Illicium in ILLICIACEAE) or variously branched, spicate, racemose, umbellate, or fascicled.

             7 Flowers with a 5-lobed, fan-shaped corolla opposing a conspicuously protruding and incurved style

             7 Flowers various, but not as above.

               8 Leaves alternate, but usually clustered densely towards branch tips; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1-4 cm long; flowers yellow, 5-merous, the petals diminuitive (ca. 4 mm) and clawed basally (the petals often falling off by midday); [of coastal beaches, dunes, and hammocks; FL peninsula]

               8 Plants not with the above combination of traits: leaves longer and variously shaped (if narrowly oblanceolate, leaves much longer than 40 cm long) usually well-spaced throughout the stems (if clustered, then other characters lacking); [plants widely distributed in a variety of habitats].

                 9 Carpels separate; fruit an aggregate; fresh foliage strongly fragrant; [Basal Angiosperms].

                   10 Fruit an aggregate of woody follicles arranged in a whorl

                   10 Fruit an aggregate of red to blackish berries, 4-6 mm long, each on a long stipe, giving the aggregate almost the appearance of an umbel

                 9 Carpels fused; fruit a berry, drupe, acorn (nut), capsule, or legume; fresh foliage not strongly fragrant; [Eudicots, Monocots, and Basal Angiosperms].

                     11 Ovary with 3 carpels; fruit a berry; “leaves” actually cladodes; [Monocots]

                     11 Ovary with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 carpels; fruit a berry, drupe, capsule, legume, or nut; leaves actually leaves; [Eudicots and Basal Angiosperms].

                       12 Leaves largely covered with silver and/or bronze lepidote scales and/or dense stellate hairs below (visible at 10× or higher magnification), giving the lower leaf surface a slightly shiny to almost metallic appearance. {add Lyonia ferruginea and L. fruticosa in ERICACEAE; add Loropetalum in HAMAMELIDACEAE}

                          13 Petals present, conspicuous, connate, white, the corolla rotate; fruit a berry with several seeds; fresh foliage with a strong, tar-like odor

                          13 Petals absent or inconspicuous, greenish and separate if present (note that the calyx is petaloid and white or yellowish in Elaeagnus of ELAEAGNACEAE); fruit a dry capsule with 3 seeds, or a drupe with a single seed; fresh foliage lacking a strong odor.

                            14 Perianth 4-merous; petals absent; petaloid sepals white to cream, fused and salverform; carpel 1; fruit a fleshy, red drupe, with a single seed

                            14 Perianth 5-merous; petals green and separate, or absent; sepals greenish, separate; carpels 3; fruit a 3-valved capsule with 3 seeds

                       12 Leaves with various vestiture (or glabrous), but not as above.

                              15 Flowers arranged in axillary spikes, umbels of shortened spikes, or sometimes the flowers solitary and leaf-opposing; fruit a drupe or drupe-like.

                                16 Flowers in spikes, axillary umbels (of shortened spikes), or the flowers solitary and leaf-opposing; leaves spaced, the bases oblique; stipules apparent, and clasping the stem; fruit rarely 3-angled (P. auritum), but not ridged; plants unarmed, the stems swollen at the nodes; branches somewhat zig-zagged, not arranged in conspicuous tiers

                                16 Flowers arranged in axillary spikes only; the fruit usually somewhat ridged; leaves clustered at branch tips (except T. arjuna), the bases typically cuneate; stipules reduced to glandular hairs at petiole base; plants armed or unarmed, the stem nodes not conspicuously swollen; branches arranged in tiers, the main branches erect, the lateral spreading horizontally

                              15 Flowers in other types of inflorescences, not spikes, if the inflorescence axillary only, then consisting of panicles or racemes (Cestrum) or subsessile to sessile fascicles (Myrsine and SAPOTACEAE); fruit various (acorns, berries, drupes, capsules, legumes).

                                  17 Leaves 1-foliolate on the upper stems, sometimes 3-foliolate below, or all reduced to phyllodial spines; flowers papilionaceous, bright yellow; fruit a legume; stems bright green

                                  17 Leaves simple throughout; flowers variously shaped but not papilionaceous; fruit not a legume, instead acorns, berries, capsules, or drupes.

                                    18 Flowers apetalous; arranged in catkins (Quercus in FAGACEAE; Morella inodora in MYRICACEAE) OR thyrses (Dodonaea in SAPINDACEAE).

                                       19 Flowers tannish, borne in catkins (these drooping at maturity); fruit a nut in a cupule (acorn)

                                       19 Flowers greenish-red or yellowish-green, borne in thyrses or if in catkins (Morella), these erect and globose in shape; fruit a winged, bladder-like capsule (Dodonaea) or globose, drupe-like, and covered in small, warty protuberances (Morella).

                                         20 Fruit a bladder-like, winged capsule (usually weakly 3-locular), brownish-red or brown when ripened; [peninsular FL from St. Johns County southward]

                                         20 Fruit globose, drupe-like, and covered in small, warty protuberances, blueish purple to black when ripened; [Gulf Coastal Plain from FL Panhandle and sc. GA, w. to e. LA]

                                    18 Flowers not apetalous, with a well-developed corolla, variously colored (white, cream, pink, greenish or reddish-orange), either urceolate OR tubular and with separate and spreading petals (rarely the perianth only consisting of green sepals), arranged in various terminal or axillary inflorescences, or sometimes solitary; fruit either a (3-) 5-valved capsule, or a spherical berry with (1-) 10+ seeds, OR a 1-8 seeded dry or fleshy drupe.

                                           21 Flowers white to pink or reddish-orange, rotate, tubular, or urceolate (the petals also sometimes spreading apically, but united at least basally), in various terminal or axillary inflorescences or solitary; fruit either a 2-5 valved capsule (conspicuously linear-cylindric in CAPPARACEAE), a spherical berry with 10+ seeds OR a drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets (Bourreria).

                                             22 Flowers reddish-orange; corollas bearing post-staminal hairs (appearing as tufts of hair opposite each anther)

                                             22 Flowers white, greenish-white, yellow, or pink; corollas without obvious tufts of hair opposite each anther.

                                               23 Fruit a fleshy berry; inflorescences of axillary fascicles (SAPOTACEAE), axillary and paniculate (Cestrum) or in Solanum, leaf-opposed and variously arranged (terminal, axillary, and extra-axillary).

                                                 24 Plants with milky sap (exuded from petioles when removed from stems); sepals rusty-tomentose; [c. and s. FL only in our area]; {Add Lucuma and Mimusops}.

                                                    25 Fruit a smaller, glabrous berry (< 1 cm in diameter), green, purple, or black, glabrous, not roughened; petioles not with a decurrent adaxial wing forming a groove

                                                    25 Fruit a large, globose berry (2-8 cm in diameter), pale brown in color when mature, the surface roughened in texture; petioles with a decurrent, adaxial wing forming a groove

                                                 24 Plants not exuding milky sap; sepals variously glabrous or tomentose, but not rusty-tomentose.

                                                      26 Leaves 1 per node; inflorescences axillary and paniculate (sometimes with terminal flower clusters present), never leaf opposed (although often bracteate); flowers tubular, the end of the tube often surrounding the anthers

                                                      26 Leaves 1 per node or also paired (on one side of the stem) at some nodes (the leaves then uneven in size); inflorescences leaf-opposed; flowers campanulate, lacking a tubular corolla

                                               23 Fruit not a fleshy berry, instead a valved capsule or a drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets (Bourreria); inflorescences terminal or axillary (or occasionally flowers solitary), never leaf-opposed.

                                                        27 Capsules pendulous and conspicuously elongate-cylindric, borne on a slender gynophore (a specialized stipe bearing the gynoecium); seeds white, grey, tan, or brownish in color and usually contrasting with the bright red interior of the capsules; plants shrubs or sometimes loosely scrambling over other plants; stamens usually much longer than the petals and conspicuously exerted from the flowers

                                                        27 Capsules (or drupes) erect, not linear nor long-cylindric, not borne on a gynophore; seeds variously colored, and sometimes surrounded by a fleshy aril (but the entire capsule interior not bright red); plants shrubs; stamens shorter than or only minimally longer than the corolla (not long exerted)

                                                          28 Seeds without fleshy aril or attachment; ovaries 5-10 carpellate; flowers urceolate; leaves serrate or entire

                                                          28 Seeds with fleshy aril or attachment (or if not fleshy, the seeds nutlets with abaxial ridges, as in Bourreria); ovaries 2-4 carpellate; flowers rotate; leaves entire or very remotely serrulate.

                                                            29 Fruit a drupe, the drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets with abaxial ridges; flowers rotate and salverform (the corolla tube evident), arranged in terminal cymes, the corolla lobes usually orbicular; leaves scabrous or hispid (except B. succulenta)

                                                            29 Fruit a capsule (the seeds with fleshy arils or attachments); flowers rotate, but not salverform (the corolla tube not lengthened), arranged solitary, few, or in cymes, terminal or axillary, the corolla lobes usually deltoid or somewhat triangular in shape; leaves glabrous or sometimes puberulent (Pittosporum), but the pubescence not rough.

                                                              30 Flowers few, not showy, green to greenish-white, inflorescence not densely arranged (flowers also sometimes solitary); capsules not beaked; leaves not revolute or undulate

                                                              30 Flowers numerous, showy, white; inflorescence densely arranged; capsules with short beak; leaf margins revolute or slightly undulate

                                           21 Flowers white, rotate, the petals spreading, distinct (i.e., separate to the base; nearly so in Myrsine), not tubular; arranged in axillary fascicles or racemes or in subsessile to sessile axillary fascicles (Myrsine); fruit either a fleshy drupe with 4-8 pyrenes, or a dry to leathery single-seeded drupe.

                                                                 31 Plants sometimes with pneumatophores; leaf blades with apical and pit-domatia present; [non-native, s. FL]

                                                                 31 Plants never producing pneumatophores; leaf blades variously pubescent or glandular, but lacking conspcuous marginal or apical pit-domatia; [collectively widespread natives]

                                                                   32 Shrub rhizomatous and colonial; fruit an ellipsoid drupe, 2-3 cm long

                                                                   32 Shrub not rhizomatous; fruit either a fleshy or dry drupe, < 1 cm long.

                                                                     33 Inflorescence an axillary fascicle or cluster, the fascicles short-pedicellate, subsessile, or sessile

                                                                       34 Inflorescence of sessile or subsessile fascicles, the flowers 5-merous, greenish-white (often with pink streaks or dots) and with obvious staminodes; fruit a 1-seeded fleshy to leathery drupe

                                                                       34 Inflorescence of subsessile or short-pedicellate fascicles, the flowers 4-merous, white (lacking pink streaks or dots); fruit a fleshy drupe with 4-8 pyrenes

                                                                     33 Inflorescence an axillary raceme; fruit a dry drupe with 1 seed

1 Leaves deciduous.

                                                                         35 Inflorescence an involucrate head

                                                                         35 Inflorescence branched, spicate, a catkin, or consisting of a solitary flower or axillary clusters or whorls, not an involucrate head.

                                                                           36 Inflorescence a catkin; flowers unisexual; plants dioecious

                                                                              37 Leaves 3.5-6 cm wide

                                                                              37 Leaves < 3 cm wide

                                                                           36 Inflorescence various, not a catkin; flowers bisexual; plants hermaphroditic.

                                                                                38 Inflorescences consisting of solitary, axillary flowers

                                                                                  39 Fruit a globose, spinose capsule bearing a longitudinal ridge across 1 or both faces, thus essentially resembling a spikey ball; perianth (4-)5-merous, consisting of 3 upper connate petaloid claws and two lower sessile petals; fresh plants without a strange musky odor; [Eudicots]

                                                                                  39 Fruit an oblong berry, greenish-yellow when ripe, not bearing small spines; perianth 3-4-merous, without connate petaloid claws; fresh plants fragrant with a strange, musky odor; [Basal Angiosperms]

                                                                                38 Inflorescence of 2 or more flowers; perianth 3-5-merous; fresh plants not musky-fragrant; fruits various, not as above.

                                                                                    40 Flowers 3-merous; fruit fleshy, red or greenish-yellow at maturity; ovary superior; [Basal Angiosperms or Eudicots].

                                                                                      41 Leaves elliptic or narrowly elliptic, broadest near the middle; fresh plants strongly fragrant with a citrus-like aroma; stems unarmed; fruit a drupe, with a single seed

                                                                                      41 Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, broadest near the apex; stems armed with nodal spines; fresh plants not fragrant; fruit a berry, with several seeds.

                                                                                    40 Flowers 4-5-merous; fruit fleshy or dry, black, blue, brown, tan, or red at maturity; ovary superior or inferior; [Eudicots].

                                                                                        42 Fruit a 4-5-valved capsule with many seeds; inflorescence either terminal, a corymb or panicle, or an axillary whorl

                                                                                        42 Fruit either a drupe or berry (indehiscent, and variously fleshy or dry) or a dry 3-valved capsule with 1 seed; inflorescence axillary (solitary, clusters, fascicles, or racemes), or in a terminal raceme (Pyrularia in SANTALACEAE).

                                                                                           43 Leaves largely covered with silver and/or bronze shiny lepidote scales below, giving the lower leaf surface an almost metallic appearance

                                                                                           43 Leaves with various vestiture, but not as above.

                                                                                             44 Ovary inferior or half-inferior; inflorescence an axillary cluster or raceme, or a terminal raceme.

                                                                                               45 Fruit a spherical berry, with 10 or more seeds

                                                                                               45 Fruit an elongate drupe (definitely longer than thick), with 1 seed.

                                                                                                 46 Fruit 15-30 mm long; inflorescence a terminal raceme

                                                                                                 46 Fruit 6-10 mm long; inflorescence an axillary fascicle

                                                                                             44 Ovary superior; inflorescence an axillary cluster or an axillary raceme (borne themselves in clusters).

                                                                                                   47 Fruits elongate, 8-20 mm long.

                                                                                                     48 Fruit a red or orange berry, 8-20 mm long; leaves usually on spur-shoots; [salty coastal areas, or exotics of disturbed situations]

                                                                                                     48 Fruit a yellowish-green drupe, 12-15 mm long; leaves on main stems; [rich forests, mainly inland]

                                                                                                   47 Fruits spherical, < 10 mm long.

                                                                                                        49 Inflorescence a narrowly cylindrical raceme, clustered several to many at the tip of the previous year’s wood and below the current season’s growth; fruit < 3 mm in diameter

                                                                                                        49 Inflorescence an axillary cluster; fruit > 4 mm in diameter

                                                                                                          50 Fruit dry, opening by 3 valves, 1-seeded; leaf pubescence stellate

                                                                                                          50 Fruit fleshy, with 4-8 seeds; leaf pubescence simple or absent.

                                                                                                            51 Fruit dark red to black, the pedicel < 10 mm long; leaf venation very neatly pinnate, with the secondary veins nearly straight and parallel to one another