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Key to Crataegus, Key C: hawthorns with leaf blades widest at midpoint or beyond midpoint; blade bases acute or cuneate;
leaves eglandular, or if glandular then twigs and branchlets not geniculate

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1 Leaves abaxially canescent, margins mostly entire; fruit calyx open, exposing pyrenes
1 Leaves abaxially pubescent, villous or glabrous, margins toothed; fruit calyx not fully open.
..2 Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, < 13 mm wide; fruit < 6 mm diameter; pyrenes about 3 mm long
..2 Leaves variously shaped but most > 13 mm wide; fruit > 6 mm; pyrenes 4 mm long or more.
....3 Leaves abaxially with dense hair tufts in proximal main vein axils, especially in spring; [plants typically of wet or floodplain habitats].
......4 Inflorescence simple, 1-5-flowered; fruit 10-15 mm diameter, lustrous red, mature in late spring.
........5 Leaf blades mostly 5-7 cm long, elliptic, margin wavy or with uneven, blunt teeth
........5 Leaf blades usually < 5 cm long, most obovate, margin finely toothed.
..........6 Leaf adaxial surface usually glossy; whitish hair tufts in main vein axils abaxially
..........6 Leaf adaxial surface matte; reddish hair tufts in main vein axils abaxially
......4 Inflorescence compound, 5-20-flowered; fruit 5-15 mm diameter, dull red or orange-red, mature in autumn.
............ 7 Petiole 5-10 mm long; terminal shoot leaves < 25 mm broad
............ 7 Petiole > 10 mm long; terminal shoot leaves > 25 mm broad; [Virides series and hybrids].
............ ..8 Leaves glabrous, except for hair tufts.
............ ....9 Leaves mostly ovate; terminal shoot leaves suborbicular, unlobed or barely lobed; bases rounded
............ ....9 Leaves predominately lanceolate, elliptical, rhomboid or obovate; terminal shoot leaves often ovate; bases usually cuneate.
............ ......10 Leaves rarely lanceolate, mostly elliptical or rhomboid.
............ ........11 Leaf serrations small or crenate; terminal shoot leaves often incised on each side nearly to midrib
............ ........11 Leaf serrations acute; terminal shoot leaves moderately lobed
............ ..8 Leaves and/or inflorescences hairy, at least in spring.
............ ..........12 Terminal shoot leaves mostly ovate or rhomboid
............ ............ 13 Inflorescence densely pubescent; bracteoles thin, linear, caducous; leaves finely toothed
............ ............ 13 Inflorescence villous; bracteoles firm, persist through anthesis; leaves coarsely toothed
............ ..........12 Terminal shoot leaves orbicular, elliptical or obovate
............ ............ ..14 Terminal shoot leaves orbicular, unlobed; young leaves white-tomentose; inflorescence glabrate
............ ............ ..14 Terminal leaves elliptical or obovate, prominently toothed; young leaves and inflorescence pubescent
....3 Leaves glabrous or with hairs scattered, not in tufts; [plants typically of upland habitats].
............ ............ ....15 Pyrenes channeled or pitted on inner sides.
............ ............ ......16 Leaves persistently pubescent, at least on petiole or main veins abaxially.
............ ............ ........17 Sepals glandular-serrate or subentire; inflorescence > 12-flowered
............ ............ ........17 Sepals often deeply glandular-serrate or glandular-pectinate; inflorescence < 10-flowered
............ ............ ..........18 Leaves dentate-serrate, usually unlobed
............ ............ ......16 Leaves glabrous or glabrate abaxially after maturity
............ ............ ............ 19 Leaves scabrate adaxially when young; stamens 7-10
............ ............ ............ 19 Leaves not scabrate; stamens 5-20.
............ ............ ............ ..20 Pyrenes with a shallow groove or depression; leaf venation vaguely reticulate, barely impressed adaxially
............ ............ ............ ..20 Pyrenes deeply grooved or pitted; leaf venation distinctly reticulate and impressed adaxially.
............ ............ ............ ....21 Stamens 15-20 per flower; anthers < 1 mm long.
............ ............ ............ ......22 Leaf blades often narrowly obovate or broadly elliptic; fruit 6-8 mm in diameter
............ ............ ............ ......22 Leaf blades broadly obovate, rhombic or suborbicular; fruit 7-12 mm in diameter
............ ............ ....15 Pyrenes plane on inner sides.
............ ............ ............ ........23 Sepals foliaceous, equaling or exceeding petal length in flower and persistent on fruit; flowers usually 1-5 per inflorescence.
............ ............ ............ ..........24 Terminal shoot leaves broadly elliptic or ovate, often shallowly lobed
............ ............ ............ ..........24 Terminal shoot leaves mostly elliptic or obovate, unlobed
............ ............ ............ ........23 Sepals not foliaceous, shorter than petals; flowers 5 or more per inflorescence
............ ............ ............ ............ 25 Thorns short (< 2 cm), or spinose spur shoots present; main lateral leaf veins run to sinuses and lobe tips in lobed leaves.
............ ............ ............ ............ ..26 Fruit black or blue; styles and pyrenes 3-5; most leaves elliptical; [native]
............ ............ ............ ............ ..26 Fruit red; styles and pyrenes 2; most leaves rhombic or obovate; [exotic]
............ ............ ............ ............ 25 Thorns usually > 2 cm long; main lateral leaf veins lead only to lobe tips in lobed leaves.
............ ............ ............ ............ ....27 Petioles distinctly glandular, usually with 3 or more glands persistent.
............ ............ ............ ............ ........29 Fruit flesh usually hard or dense; calyx collar elevated on fruit; leaves moderately lobed on terminal shoots.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 31 Sepals deeply glandular-serrate; anthers pink; inflorescence glabrous
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 31 Sepals finely glandular-serrate; anthers purplish; inflorescence slightly pilose
............ ............ ............ ............ ........29 Fruit flesh dense or soft; calyx collar sessile or nearly so on fruit; leaves shallowly lobed or unlobed on terminal shoots.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..32 Leaves conspicuously and persistently pubescent, petiolar glands stalked.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....33 Terminal shoot leaves suborbicular, 6-8 cm wide; [rare AL endemic]
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....33 Terminal shoot leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 4-6 cm wide
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..32 Leaves glabrate or sparsely pubescent, or pubescent only in spring, petiolar glands sessile.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......34 Leaf blades broadly elliptic or oval; fruit subglobose.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........35 Leaves usually shallowly but sharply lobed; anthers purplish; [AL, GA, SC]
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........35 Leaves bluntly lobed or unlobed; anthers whitish or pink; [OK, AR, OK]
............ ............ ............ ............ ......28 Stamens usually 20 per flower (often 30 or more in C. triflora).
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........36 Leaves pubescent, at least abaxially; anthers white or yellowish.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 37 Sepals remotely glandular-serrate; petiolar glands sessile; fruit usually 8-12 mm diameter
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 37 Sepals deeply glandular-serrate; petiolar glands stalked; fruit usually > 12 mm diameter.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..38 Leaves thin; inflorescence simple, 3-5-flowered; stamens usually 30 or more
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..38 Leaves firm; inflorescence compound, > 5-flowered; stamens 20.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....39 Terminal shoot leaves 4-5 cm wide, unlobed; sepals usually erect on fruit
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....39 Terminal shoot leaves 5-8 cm wide, with lobelike points; sepals patent in fruit
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........36 Leaves glabrous; anthers pink to purplish, rarely white.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......40 Calyx collar sessile on fruit; fruit flesh soft and succulent at maturity.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........41 Leaves mostly unlobed; inflorescence scabrous-pubescent; petiolar glands stalked
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........41 Leaves acutely lobed; inflorescence glabrate; petiolar glands sessile
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......40 Calyx collar often elevated on fruit; fruit flesh usually dense or dry; [Pulcherrimae series].
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........42 Terminal shoot leaves shallowly lobed or unlobed, apex obtuse, margins crenate-serrate
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........42 Terminal shoot leaves shallowly to moderately lobed, apex usually acute, margins serrate.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..44 Petioles of smaller leaves winged 1/2 length; leaf lobes straight on inner/distal side.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....45 Leaf blades mostly 3-5 cm long, membranaceous, serrations obtuse.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......46 Anthers pink; fruit subglobose, red; leaves with adaxial hairs on midvein in spring
............ ............ ............ ............ ....27 Petioles eglandular, or occasionally with 1 or 2 glands deciduous or obscure after spring. xx
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........48 Stamens 10 per flower; leaf blades with 4-6 pairs of main lateral veins; calyx sessile on mature fruit
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........48 Stamens 20 per flower; leaf blades with 3-4 pairs of main lateral veins; calyx collar often elevated on fruit.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........54 Stamens usually 20; styles 5; inflorescence branches canescent or tomentose.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......58 Styles and pyrenes usually 2 or 3; primary leaf veins rather obscure or not impressed; petiole winged to base.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......58 Styles and pyrenes 3-5; primary leaf veins impressed adaxially, conspicuous abaxially; petiole winged near blade.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....63 Primary leaf veins not impressed adaxially, somewhat obscure abaxially; petiole <10 mm long, winged to near base.
............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....63 Primary leaf veins impressed adaxially, conspicuous abaxially; petiole 10 mm or more, partly winged near blade.
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