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Click the number at the start of a key lead to highlight both that lead and its corresponding lead. Click again to show only the two highlighted leads. Click a third time to return to the full key with the selected leads still highlighted.

Key to Carduus

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1 Phyllaries 2-8 mm wide; heads mostly nodding (declined at least slightly from the vertical)
1 Phyllaries 1-2 mm wide; heads erect.
..2 Involucres cylindrical or narrowly ellipsoid.
....3 Phyllaries not scarious-margined; phyllaries tomentose
....3 Phyllaries scarious-margined; phyllaries glabrate or glabrous
..2 Involucres spherical or hemispherical.
......4 Abaxial leaf blade surface with only curling, septate hairs; involucres 14–20 mm tall; disk corollas 13–20 mm long
......4 Abaxial leaf blade surface with dimorphic hairs (longer, curling septate hairs on the veins and sparse to dense tomentum across the surface); involucres 12–17 mm tall; disk corollas 11–16 mm long
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