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1 Leaf blades usually < 12 mm wide and < 2 cm long (on floreal shoots). |
2 Leaf blades often nearly wide as long, blade broadly obovate or suborbicular. |
3 Leaves denticulate or remotely toothed, rarely lobed; petiole glabrate; shrub usually < 1m tall |
3 Leaves sharply toothed, often lobed; petiole hairy; shrub or tree > 1 m tall |
2 Leaf blades 1.5-2× long as broad, mostly spatulate or oblanceolate. |
4 Leaves and flower pedicels glabrate |
4 Leaves and flower pedicels pubescent to tomentose. |
5 Leaf blade attenuate along most of petiole, margin subentire, obscurely toothed near apex |
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6 Thorns 1-3 cm long; plant usually < 1 m tall |
6 Thorns 3-6 cm long; plant usually 1-2 m tall |
1 Leaf blades mostly > 12 mm wide and > 2 cm long. |
7 Leaf margin mostly subentire; may have glandular- denticulate teeth or 3 lobelike points on distal part of blade. |
8 Leaves often with 3 lobelike points near apex. |
9 Leaves persistently tomentose; fruit subglobose |
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8 Leaves denticulate or subentire to apex, rarely with any lobelike points. |
10 Thorns abundant, present at nearly every node and > 3 cm long |
10 Thorns less numerous, most < 3 cm long. |
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11 Leaves generally spatulate, blade attenuate for most of petiole |
7 Leaf margin toothed along at least half of margin, the teeth fine, acute, obtuse or dentate. |
12 Floreal leaves often rhomboid or broadly elliptical; twigs and branches usually not drooping. |
13 Leaves distinctly sharply toothed and/or lobed; blades broadly ovate on terminal shoots and > 3.5 cm long |
13 Leaves with small or blunt teeth, mostly unlobed; blades rhombic, obovate or orbicular on terminal shoots, < 3.5 cm long. |
14 Stamens 10 per flower; terminal shoot leaves broadly rhombic to suborbicular |
14 Stamens 20 per flower; terminal shoot leaves usually orbicular or broadly obovate |
12 Floreal leaves mostly obovate or spatulate; leading twigs or branches drooping or pendulous. |
15 Leaf apex rounded or with an abrupt short point, margins finely or sharply toothed beyond middle of blade; terminal shoot leaves unlobed to very obscurely lobed. |
16 Leaves and inflorescence thinly hairy or glabrate. |
17 Leaves and inflorescence sparsely hairy; pyrenes 3-5 per fruit |
17 Leaves and inflorescence essentially glabrous; pyrenes 2 or 3 per fruit |
16 Leaves and inflorescence densely hairy. |
18 Leaf teeth sharp, conspicuously black- glandular, apex rather jagged- toothed |
18 Leaf teeth small, fine or partly crenate. |
19 Leaves persistently pubescent, apex usually rounded |
19 Leaves pubescent when young, later glabrate, apex with a short point |
15 Leaf apex 3- lobed or with 3-5 distinct points or several larger teeth; terminal shoot leaves moderately to deeply lobed. |
20 Fruit usually < 10 mm diameter, with calyx collar elevated. |
21 Leaf shape often spatulate, lobes and teeth blunt to subacute |
21 Leaf shape often narrowly obovate, lobes and teeth dentate or sharp |
20 Fruit often 10 mm diameter or more, calyx sessile. |
22 Terminal shoot leaves ovate, tomentose, sharply serrate and deeply incised |
22 Terminal shoot leaves mostly obovate, pubescent or glabrate. |
23 Leaves partly oblanceolate, usually with 2 pairs of main lateral veins; fruit 10-14mm, flesh dense |
23 Leaves obovate or sub- rhombic, with 3-5 pairs of main lateral veins; fruit 12-15 mm, flesh soft. |
24 Leaf base narrowly cuneate; lobes and teeth obtuse or rounded |
24 Leaf base short- cuneate or acute; lobes or teeth acute |