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Key to Carex, [26a] Section 1a Vulpinae: section Vulpinae

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1 Leaf sheath fronts yellow, thickened, and not fragile at the top; leaf blades papillose adaxially (at 25× magnification)
1 Leaf sheath fronts green or whitish, thin, and fragile at the top; leaf blades not papillose adaxially.
..2 Leaf sheath fronts smooth.
....3 Larger perigynia 6-8 mm long; leaves to 12 mm wide
....3 Larger perigynia 3-5 mm long; leaves to 7 mm wide.
......4 Perigynia smoothly rounded at base, not distended; perigynium veins 3-5 abaxially, 0 adaxially
......4 Perigynia cordate at base, distended; perigynium veins 10-12 abaxially, 7 adaxially
..2 Leaf sheath fronts rugose.
........5 Perigynia broadly rounded at base, not distended; perigynium veins 3-5 abaxially, 0 adaxially
........5 Perigynia cordate or truncate at base, distended; perigynium veins 15 abaxially, 7 adaxially.
..........6 Perigynia (5-) avg. 5.4 (-6) mm long, the beak > 3 mm long; larger leaves mostly 8-17 mm wide; perigynium scales cuspidate to short-awned; [mostly of the Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont]
..........6 Perigynia (4-) avg. 4.7 (-5) mm long, the beak < 2.5 mm long; larger leaves mostly 4-10 mm wide; perigynium scales acuminate to cuspidate; [widespread in our area]