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Key to Carex, [26ff] Section 23 Hymenochlaenae: section Hymenochlaenae -- Key to Groups

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1 Terminal spike staminate; lateral spikes staminate, androgynous, or pistillate; base of culms tan, brown, or ivory.
..2 Plants without rhizomes or with very short ones, densely cespitose
..2 Plants with short-creeping rhizomes, loosely cespitose or colonial
1 Terminal spike staminate or gynecandrous; lateral spikes pistillate, gynecandrous or rarely distal spike staminate; base of culms usually covered with dark maroon bladeless sheaths (often missing or very short in C. prasina).
....3 Perigynia 2-ribbed but otherwise veinless or nearly so, green to yellow at maturity
....3 Perigynia 2-ribbed and veined between ribs, often conspicuously so, green to olive-green at maturity, usually red dotted.
......4 Perigynia fusiform to narrowly lance-ovoid, > 5 mm long, including the elongate beak; leaves generally < 5 mm wide; leaf sheaths usually glabrous, at least on back
......4 Perigynia ovoid-oblong to lance-ovoid, 2-6 mm (mostly < 5 mm long) tapering to a beak shorter than the body or beakless; leaves 2.5-12 mm wide; leaf sheaths glabrous or pubescent.
........5 Terminal spike usually gynecandrous, rarely staminate
........5 Terminal spike usually staminate, rarely gynecandrous.
..........6 Lateral pistillate spikes erect at maturity, narrowly oblong to cylindric, to 25 × 2.5-9 mm, on stiff peduncles
..........6 Lateral pistillate spikes drooping at maturity, short cylindric to linear, 8-80 × 3-5 mm, on slender arching peduncles
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