Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe. Subgenus: Juncus. Section: Ozophyllum. Common name: Canadian Rush. Phenology: Jul-Oct. Habitat: Lake, pond and stream margins, swamps, bogs, seepage slopes, wet meadows, ditches. Distribution: NL (Newfoundland) to MN, south to c. peninsular FL, TN, and LA.

ID notes: Among the members of section Ozophyllum, J. canadensis has large heads and smooth green stems. The capsules and seeds are large but noticeably smaller than J. caesariensis and J. trigonocarpus.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: J. canadensis is here treated as a single, polymorphic species. Fernald and others have described up to 5 forms and varieties of J. canadensis, based on variation in flower and capsule size (from 2.5 mm to nearly 4.0 mm), shape of the glomerules (densely flowered and subglobose to few-flowered and turbinate), and structure and size of the inflorescence (congested to open). Further study is necessary to determine whether any of these taxa should be recognized.

Synonymy ⓘ: = AqW, Ar, C, Can, FNA22, G, GrPl, GW1, Il, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, S, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, Kirschner (2002b); = Verojuncus canadensis (J.Gay ex Laharpe) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków — Proćków & Záveská Drábková (2023); > Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe var. canadensis — F, Mo1; > Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe var. euroauster Fernald — F; > Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe var. sparsiflorus Fernald. Basionym: Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe 1825

Links to other floras: = Juncus canadensis - FNA22

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: OBL
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: OBL
• Great Plains: OBL
• Midwest: OBL
• Northcentral & Northeast: OBL

Heliophily ⓘ: 7