Hepatica americana (A.P. de Candolle) Ker Gawler. Round-lobed Hepatica, Round-lobed Liverleaf. Phen: (Jan-) Feb-May. Hab: Moist forests. Dist: NS, s. QC, s. ON, and MB south to Panhandle FL, AL, MS, and AR.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: The two North American taxa of Hepatica seem entirely distinct in our region; they have sometimes been described as hybridizing freely or merging indistinguishably, but this seems inaccurate. They are also both related to the European H. nobilis P. Miller. Steyermark & Steyermark (1960) chose to treat the three entities as varieties of H. nobilis; I prefer to retain them at the specific level, a position also carefully supported by Yatskievych (2013).

Synonymy: = C, F, G, Il, Mi, NY, RAB, Tat, Tn, W, WV, Jiang et al (2017); = Anemone americana (DC.) H.Hara – Ar, Fl2, FNA3, NE, Pa, Va, WH3, Hoot, Meyer, & Manning (2012); = Hepatica nobilis Mill. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm. – K1, K3, K4, Steyermark & Steyermark (1960); < Hepatica hepatica (L.) H.Karst. – S, S13, misapplied to American material

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Heliophily: 2