*Aquilegia vulgaris Linnaeus. European Columbine, Garden Columbine. Phen: Apr-Jun. Hab: Disturbed areas, recently appearing in natural areas (such as grassy balds, in this soils around rock outcrops). Dist: Native of Europe. Many varieties have been named; there seems little utility in trying to apply these names to the cultivated plants (often cultivars) rarely persistent or weakly naturalized in our area.
Origin/Endemic status: Europe
Synonymy: = C, F, FNA3, G, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB; > Aquilegia vulgaris L. – Munz (1946)
Heliophily: 7
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