*Rubus bifrons Vest. European Blackberry. Phen: May-Jun; Jun-Jul. Hab: Disturbed areas, roadsides, thickets, old fields. Dist: Native of Europe.

Origin/Endemic status: Europe

Synonymy: = C, FNA9, G, K1, Mi, NcTx, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tn, Tx, Va, W; > Rubus armeniacus Focke – Il, K3, K4; > Rubus bifrons Vest – F, K3, K4; > Rubus linkianus Ser. – S; > Rubus procerus P.J.Müll. ex Boulay – F, Tat

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: UPL (name change)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: UPL (name change)
• Great Plains: FAC (name change)
• Midwest: UPL (name change)
• Northcentral & Northeast: UPL (name change)

Heliophily: 7