Quercus falcata Michaux. Subgenus: Quercus. Section: Lobatae. Subsection: Phellos. Spanish Oak, Southern Red Oak. Phen: Apr-May; Sep-Nov (of the second year). Hab: Upland forests, usually xeric or submesic, but occasionally in mesic situations. Dist: Widespread in se. North America, north to e. OK, s. MO, s. IL, s. IN, s. OH, WV, se. PA, NJ, and reported (apparently without specimen documentation) from Long Island, NY.

Origin/Endemic status: Endemic

Taxonomy Comments: "Q. triloba Michaux", the form with the leaves only shallowly trilobed at the apex, can cause confusion. Though even medium-sized trees sometimes have leaves only of this form (rather than the typical form, deeply 5-7-lobed, the terminal lobe long-attenuate and falcate), it has no taxonomic merit.

Synonymy: = Ar, C, Fl2, FNA3, Il, K1, K3, K4, NcTx, Pa, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV; = Quercus digitata Sudw. – S13; = Quercus falcata Michx. var. falcata – G, GW2, RAB; = Quercus rubra L. – S, misapplied; < Quercus falcata Michx. – Tx; > Quercus falcata Michx. var. falcata – F; > Quercus falcata Michx. var. triloba (Michx.) Nutt. – F; > Quercus triloba Michx.

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Great Plains: FACU
• Midwest: FACU
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU

Heliophily: 5