Betula cordifolia Regel. Mountain Paper Birch, Heartleaf Birch, Speckled Birch. Phen: May-Aug; Jul-Sep. Hab: High elevation forests, southwards primarily on talus of avalanche chutes (as in the Black Mountains, Yancey County, NC, and the Great Smoky Mountains, Sevier County, TN), and on talus slopes and adjacent forests at high elevations. Dist: NL (Newfoundland) and e. QC south to the mountains of NY; disjunct in n. MN, e. WV (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), w. NC, and e. TN (Sevier County; Tennessee Flora Committee 2015).

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: A diploid species (2n=2x=28).

Synonymy: = FNA3, G, K3, K4, NE, NY, S, Tn, Ashburner & McAllister (2016), Furlow (1990), Hardin (1971a); = Betula papyrifera Marshall var. cordifolia (Regel) Fernald – C, F, GrPl, K1, RAB, W; = n/a – S13; < Betula papyrifera Marshall – Pa

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Great Plains: FACU
• Midwest: FACU
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU

Heliophily: 5