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Lindera melissifolia (Walter) Blume. Common name: Southern Spicebush, Pondberry. Phenology: Mar-Apr; Aug-Sep. Habitat: Pondcypress savannas, wet flats and depressions, in NC, SC, GA, FL, and AL generally with pocosin shrubs. Distribution: This species is southern in range, with a very scattered distribution in se. and c. NC, e. SC, e. & sw. GA, nw. FL, sw. AL (?), nw. MS, se. MO-AR, and se. AR-LA (recent collections unknown from FL and LA). It is nearly extirpated in NC, currently known only from three populations, in Sampson, Bladen, and Cumberland counties. A historic record from Orange County, NC (in the lower Piedmont), collected by Elisha Mitchell in 1820 and 1822, appears to be bonafide (McVaugh, McVaugh, & Ayers 1996).

Origin/Endemic status: Endemic

Synonymy : = Ar, Fl2, FNA3, K4, Mo3, NS, POWO, WH3, Wofford (1983); = Benzoin melissaefolium (Walter) Nees — S, S13; = Laurus melissaefolia Walter = Lindera melissaefolia — F, GW2, RAB, orthographic variant; = n/a — C. Basionym: Laurus melissaefolia Walter 1788

Links to other floras: = Lindera melissifolia - FNA3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: OBL

Heliophily : 4

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image of plant© Bruce A. Sorrie | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia (female flowers), Taylor County, Georgia 2 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia, Fruit, Taylor County, Georgia 3 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Richard LeBlond | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia, Fruit, Taylor County, Georgia 2 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Bruce A. Sorrie | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia (female flowers), Taylor County, Georgia 1 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia, Taylor County, Georgia 4 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia, Taylor County, Georgia 2 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Lindera melissifolia, Taylor county, Georgia 7 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

NCBG trait

Intro: This endangered species is similar to the abundant smooth northern spicebush, Lindera benzoin, with tiny yellow flowers in early spring, red fruit in fall, and a lemony scent. It is shorter, from 0.5-2 meters tall, and spreads clonally sometimes creating large thickets.

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Comments: Southern spicebush is threatened by habitat loss as bottomland forests are cleared and drained. These plants also have low rates of sexual reproduction, produce few fruits, and have low levels of seedling establishment, perhaps because of their population structure and habitat fragmentation.

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description: This endangered species is similar to the abundant smooth northern spicebush, Lindera benzoin, with tiny yellow flowers in early spring, red fruit in fall, and a lemony scent. It is shorter, from 0.5-2 meters tall, and spreads clonally sometimes creating large thickets.

stems:

leaves:

inflorescence:

flowers:

fruits:

comments: Southern spicebush is threatened by habitat loss as bottomland forests are cleared and drained. These plants also have low rates of sexual reproduction, produce few fruits, and have low levels of seedling establishment, perhaps because of their population structure and habitat fragmentation.

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germination code:

native range: southeastern United States



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