*Modiola caroliniana (Linnaeus) G. Don. Bristly-mallow. Phen: Late Mar-Jun (sometimes later). Hab: Lawns, roadsides, disturbed areas, pondshores, edges of brackish marshes; probably adventive in our area from an original native range in South America. Dist: The original distribution unclear: sometimes considered as ranging as a native from SC south to FL, west to TX, south into the tropics, and adventive northward, but probably wholly introduced in the southeastern United States from a native distribution in South America.

Origin/Endemic status: South America

Synonymy: = Ar, C, F, Fl4, FNA6, G, GW2, K1, K3, K4, NcTx, NE, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tx, Va, WH3, WI; = n/a – Pa

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Great Plains: FAC
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU

Heliophily: 8