Fraxinus smallii Britton. Small’s White Ash. Phen: (Feb-) Apr-May. Hab: Bottomland forests, alluvial woods, river bluffs, upland hardwood forests, oak-pine forests. Dist: PA, MI, IA, and KS south to Panhandle FL and e. TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Recent studies by Whittemore et al. (2018) did not find a correlation between ploidy and the morphological characters used by Nesom (2010i) to separate F. biltmoreana and F. smallii. Whittemore et al. (2018) suggest that F. smallii should be remerged with F. biltmoreana, while Campbell (2017) proposed that it be reduced to varietal rank under F. biltmoreana (Campbell 2017). Additional study is needed.

Synonymy: = Mi, S, Tn, Miller (1955); = Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle var. subcoriacea J.J.N.Campb. – Campbell (2017); < Fraxinus americana L. – Ar, C, Fl6, GrPl, Il, K1, K3, K4, NcTx, Tat, Tx, Va, W, WH3, Hardin (1974), Ward (2010a); < Fraxinus americana L. var. americana – F, G, Pa, RAB, WV; < Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle – Whittemore et al (2018); < Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall – WH3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACW (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Great Plains: FACU (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Great Plains: FAC (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Midwest: FACU (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Midwest: FACW (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACW (taxonomic lump from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily: 4