*Cymbalaria muralis G. Gaertner, B. Meyer, & Scherbius. Kenilworth-ivy, Ivy-leaf Toadflax. Phen: Mar-Oct. Hab: Naturalized on walls and rock outcrops near plantings, roadsides, disturbed areas. Dist: Native of Eurasia. Reported for NC (Henderson County) by Pittillo & Brown (1988) as "derived from potted plants that have become established beneath the overhang of a porch for over a decade," and reported again more recently as spreading from plantings in Alleghany County, NC (Poindexter 2006) and Buncombe County, NC (C.A. McCormick, pers.comm., 2009). Reported by Pennell (1935) as being "in herbaria" from DC, KY, MD, SC, TN, WV, and other states beyond our area.

Origin/Endemic status: Eurasia

Taxonomy Comments: The other two entities (variously treated as subspecies or species), both villous throughout (vs. glabrous or with a few scattered hairs in ssp. muralis) are Mediterranean and are not known to be naturalized in North America. The results of Carnicero et al. (2017) suggest that the subspecies should be recognized as full species, so C. muralis is here treated in a strict sense.

Synonymy: = Cymbalaria cymbalaria (L.) Wettst.; = Cymbalaria muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey., & Scherb. ssp. muralis – FNA17, Va, Carnicero et al (2017), Sutton (1988); = Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill.; = n/a – RAB; < Cymbalaria muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey., & Scherb. – Ar, C, F, G, GrPl, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, Tat, Tn, WV, Pennell (1935)

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Heliophily: 7