Pedicularis canadensis Linnaeus. Eastern Lousewort, Wood-betony. Phen: (Mar-) Apr-May; May-Jul. Hab: Moist to dry forests and woodlands, streambanks, prairies. Dist: ME, QC, and MB south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and e. TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Robart in FNA (2019) includes Rocky Mountain plants treated by others as P. fluviatilis A.A. Heller or at infraspecific rank under P. canadensis as a taxonomically undistinguished part of P. canadensis; we provisionally retain this taxon as separate at species rank. Var. dobbsii Fernald, alleged to differ in having nearly solitary flowering stems and stoloniform basal offsets, may warrant additional study.

Other Comments: P. canadensis is variable in corolla color, with yellow, red, or red and yellow bicolored flowers.

Synonymy: = Ar, C, Fl7, G, GW2, K3, K4, Mi, NcTx, NY, Pa, RAB, S, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WH3, WV, Pennell (1935); < Pedicularis canadensis L. – FNA17, GrPl; > Pedicularis canadensis L. ssp. canadensis – K1, NE; > Pedicularis canadensis L. var. canadensis – F, Il; > Pedicularis canadensis L. var. dobbsii Fernald – F, Il

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Great Plains: FACU
• Midwest: FACU
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU

Heliophily: 5