Verbena hastata Linnaeus. Common Vervain, Blue Vervain, Simpler's-joy. Phen: Jun-Oct. Hab: Fens, marshes, bogs, meadows, calcareous spring marshes, riverbanks, low fields. Dist: NS west to BC, south to NC, n. AL, AR, OK, n. TX, NM, AZ, CA; scattered occurrences farther south appear to be introductions.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: The hybrid with V. urticifolia, Verbena ×engelmannii Moldenke, is known from our area.

Synonymy: = Ar, C, F, G, GrPl, GW2, Il, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, S, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WV, Barber (1982), Nesom (2010b); >< Verbena carolina L., misapplied; > Verbena hastata L. var. hastata – K1; > Verbena hastata L. var. scabra Moldenke – K1

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACW
• Great Plains: FACW
• Midwest: FACW
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACW

Heliophily: 8