Verbena urticifolia Linnaeus. White Vervain, Nettleleaf Vervain. Phen: May-Nov. Hab: Floodplain forests, mesic and dry upland forests, disturbed habitats. Dist: NB west to SK, south to Panhandle FL and TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Two varieties have been distinguished by many authors (see synonymy), but the characters used are poorly correlated and the distributional ranges largely overlapping. The hybrid with V. hastata, Verbena ×engelmannii Moldenke, is known from our area.

Synonymy: = Ar, Fl6, GW2, K3, K4, Mi, NcTx, NY, RAB, Va, W, WH3, Barber (1982), Nesom (2010b), Nesom (2010d); = Verbena urticaefolia – S, Tat, orthographic variant; > Verbena urticifolia L. var. leiocarpa L.M.Perry & Fernald – C, F, G, GrPl, Il, K1, NE, Pa, Tx, WV; > Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia – C, F, G, GrPl, Il, K1, NE, Pa, Tx, WV

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
• Great Plains: FAC
• Midwest: FAC
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC

Heliophily ?: 6