*Centaurea jacea Linnaeus. Brown Knapweed. Phen: Jun-Sep. Hab: Roadsides, disturbed areas. Dist: Native of Europe. This species is increasing rapidly in the VA Ridge and Valley. Reported for Alleghany County, NC (Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow 2011).

Origin/Endemic status: Europe

Synonymy: = C, F, FNA19, G, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Oh3, Pa, SE1, Tat, Va; = Jacea pratensis Lam.; = n/a – RAB

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Great Plains: FACU
• Midwest: FACU
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU

Heliophily: 9