Echinacea pallida (Nuttall) Nuttall. Pale Purple Coneflower. Phen: May-Jul. Hab: Dry prairies, open dry woodlands, roadsides (introduced eastwards in our area). Dist: ON west to MI, WI, and ne. NE, south to IN, LA, and TX; disjunct eastward in TN, AL, GA, SC, NC, and VA (where probably but uncertainly native).

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Some at least of the eastern populations considered to be E. pallida are actually the closely related E. simulata; additional work is needed to disentangle the relative distributions of these two species in our area.

Synonymy: = Ar, FNA21, GrPl, Il, K1, K4, Mi, Mo2, NcTx, NE, NY, RAB, Tn, Tx, Baskin, Snyder, & Baskin (1993), Foster (1991), McGregor (1968), McKeown (1999); = Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. var. pallida – K3, Binns, Baum, & Arnason (2002); = n/a – Tat; < Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. – F, G, W; < Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. var. pallida – C, SE1

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Heliophily: 9