*Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus var. arvensis . Perennial Sow-thistle. Hab: Disturbed areas. Dist: Native of Europe. Naturalized south to WV (Strausbaugh & Core 1978), MD, PA, TN, KY, MS, and LA (Kartesz 2021).

Origin/Endemic status: Europe

Synonymy: = C, F, NE, SE1, Tat; = Sonchus arvensis L. – G, Il, Oh3; = Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. arvensis – FNA19, GrPl, K1, K3, K4, NY, Pa; < Sonchus arvensis L. – Mi

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: UPL (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Great Plains: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Midwest: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily: 8