Vernonia arkansana A.P. de Candolle. Arkansas Ironweed. Phen: Jul-Sep. Hab: Streambanks and gravel bars; eastwards introduced on roadsides and other open habitats. Dist: Sw. IA, MO and e. KS south to AR and OK. Introduced eastwards in e. NC on roadsides. Also introduced, apparently accidentally, in s meadow at Patuxent NWR, Anne Arundel County, MD.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Synonymy: = Ar, C, FNA19, GrPl, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mo2, NY, SE1; = n/a – RAB, Tat; = Vernonia crinita Raf. – F

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
• Great Plains: FAC
• Midwest: FAC
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC

Heliophily: 4