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*Xanthium spinosum Linnaeus. Spiny Cocklebur. Phen: Jul-Nov. Hab: Fields, disturbed ground. Dist: Apparently native of South America.

Origin/Endemic status: South America

Synonymy: = GrPl, Il, Mi, Mo2, NcTx, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tat, Tx, Va, WV; = Acanthoxanthium spinosum (L.) Fourr. – S; = Xanthium spinosum L. var. spinosum – Löve & Dansereau (1959); < Xanthium spinosum L. – C, FNA21, K1, K3, K4, SE1; > Xanthium spinosum L. var. inerme Bel – F; > Xanthium spinosum L. var. spinosum – F

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Great Plains: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Midwest: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily: 8

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image of plant© William Stephens, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by William Stephens source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷ Warning: was NOT research grade.
image of plant© Denis Bastianelli, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Denis Bastianelli source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky) source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Kym Nicolson, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Kym Nicolson source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷ Warning: was NOT research grade.
image of plant© Elspeth Swan, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Elspeth Swan source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷ Warning: was NOT research grade.
image of plant© Attila Oláh, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Attila Oláh source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Liam Gerry, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Liam Gerry source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷ Warning: was NOT research grade.
image of plant© Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky) source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷

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