Crataegus succulenta Schrader ex Link var. macracantha (Loddiges ex Loudon) Eggleston. Large-spine Hawthorn. Phen: Late Apr-early Jun; Sep-Oct. Hab: Rocky or mesic hardwood forests, upland pastures, clearings, shaley soils. Dist: Ranging across all of southern Canada and ME to OR, s. in mountainous uplands to AZ, NM, e. to KS, n. MO, sw. VA, ?NC; the most widely distributed hawthorn in North America.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Morphological variation across the broad range has promoted a complex taxonomy, particularly in the West. The entity macracantha is not vegetatively separable from C. succulenta in the eastern states, the larger anthers (1-1.5 mm) and fewer stamens (10) of macracantha being the distinguishing traits. In the Midwest, a pubescent form is known, C. pertomentosa Ashe.

Synonymy: = Crataegus macracantha Lodd. ex Loudon – FNA9, G, Il, Gilman & Haines (2022); < Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link – Pa; > Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link var. macracantha (Lodd. ex Loudon) Eggl. – F, G; > Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link var. pertomentosa (Ashe) Kruschke – F, GrPl

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Heliophily: 6