Euphorbia polygonifolia Linnaeus. Northern Seaside Spurge, Northern Sandmat. Phen: May-Oct. Hab: Open sands of dunes, upper beach, dune blowouts and overwashes, sometimes growing with perennial grasses such as Uniola paniculata, but preferring open sands with little competition, sometimes mixed with the less common E. bombensis. Dist: NS to ne. FL along the Atlantic Ocean; disjunct to the Great Lakes, including (in our region) Presque Isle, nw. PA.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: See E. bombensis for discussion of the habitats of these related species.

Synonymy: = C, F, FNA12, G, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tat, Va, Govaerts, Frodin, & Radcliffe-Smith (2000); = Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small – Fl2, Il, K1, S, S13, WH3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Midwest: UPL
• Northcentral & Northeast: UPL

Heliophily: 9