Galium boreale Linnaeus. Northern Bedstraw. Phen: May-Sep. Hab: Limestone and dolostone bluffs, outcrops, and rocky woodlands, calcareous or ultramafic (serpentine) barrens. Dist: Circumboreal, south in North America to n. DE, w. MD, sw. VA, sc. MO, NM, AZ, and CA.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Galium boreale is a circumboreal complex with a diversity of chromosome numbers; the North American plant may warrant taxonomic status separate from European Galium boreale at some rank.

Synonymy: = C, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NY, Pa, Tat, Tx, Va, Stace (2010); > Galium boreale L. ssp. septentrionale (Roem. & Schult.) Hara – NE; > Galium boreale L. var. boreale – F; > Galium boreale L. var. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) DC. – F; > Galium boreale L. var. intermedium DC. – F, G

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU
• Great Plains: FACU
• Midwest: FAC
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC

Heliophily: 7