Linaria canadensis (Linnaeus) Dumont de Courset. Common Toadflax. Phen: Mar-Aug; Apr-Nov. Hab: In a wide variety of natural and disturbed habitats, especially common and weedy in disturbed sites such as roadsides and fields, also common and apparently native in thin soil of rock outcrops. Dist: NS west to ND, south to s. FL and TX; also adventive on the west coast, from WA to CA.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Sutton (1988) comments that there is substantial variation in this species not taxonomically explained.

Synonymy: = Fl6, K4, Pa, Tx, WH3, WV, Pennell (1935), Yousefi, Heubl, & Zarre (2017); = canadensis var. – C, F, G, GrPl, S; = Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A.Sutton – Ar, FNA17, Il, K1, K3, Mi, NcTx, NE, NY, Tn, Va, Sutton (1988); < Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum.Cours. – RAB, Tat, W; < Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A.Sutton – Mex

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Heliophily: 9