| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betulaceae | Betula alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch | Forests at medium to high elevations, rarely at low elevations. Northward in a variety of cooler mesic to wet forests and swamps. | NL (Newfoundland) west to se. MB, south to PA, OH, n. IN, WI, MN, and IA, and in the mountains south to w. NC, n. GA, and e. TN. |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula cordifolia | Mountain Paper Birch, Heartleaf Birch, Speckled Birch | High elevation forests, southwards primarily on talus of avalanche chutes (as in the Black Mountains, Yancey County, NC, and the Great Smoky Mountains, Sevier County, TN), and on talus slopes and adjacent forests at high elevations. | NL (Newfoundland) and e. QC south to the mountains of NY; disjunct in n. MN, e. WV (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), w. NC, and e. TN (Sevier County; Tennessee Flora Committee 2015). |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula lenta var. lenta | Sweet Birch, Cherry Birch, Black Birch, "Mahogany" | Forests at low to high elevations; common (uncommon in Piedmont). | S. ME west to OH, south to GA and n. AL. This species is generally restricted elevationally in North Carolina to medium elevations and lower, but in VA and northwards it reaches higher elevations, where it can be as common as B. alleghaniensis. |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula lenta var. uber | Virginia Roundleaf Birch | Stony, alluvial soils of a mountain valley floodplain (endemic to Smyth County, VA). | B. lenta var. uber is related very closely to B. lenta var. lenta, and is apparently endemic to Smyth County, VA. |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula nigra | River Birch, Red Birch | Riverbanks, streambanks, floodplains, sandbars, disturbed uplands. | NH west to se. MN and e. KS, south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and e. TX. |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula papyrifera | Paper Birch, Canoe Birch, White Birch | Dry soils, in VA especially on quartzite on the western flank of the Blue Ridge, and on sandstone talus in the Ridge and Valley. | NL (Newfoundland), NL (Labrador) and AK, south to NJ, WV (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), w. VA, OH, IN, IL, IA, NE, CO, and BC. |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula pendula | Silver Birch, European Weeping Birch, European White Birch | Persistent and escaping from plantings. | Native of Europe. Reported for Watauga County, NC by Poindexter (pers. comm.). |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula populifolia | Gray Birch, White Birch, Wire Birch | Woods, thickets, in VA native in old fields and young forests in the Big Meadows area on greenstone (Madison & Page counties, VA), disturbed areas. | NS to s. QC, south to s. NJ and MD, more or less disjunct in n. VA, s. ON, n. OH, and n. IN. |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula pubescens var. pubescens | European White Birch, Downy Birch | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Also reported as an introduction in e. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and at scattered sites throughout PA (Rhoads & Block 2007). |  |
| Betulaceae | Betula pumila | Bog Birch | Fens, swamps, bogs. | NL west to AK, south to nw. NJ, e. OH, sw. OH, n. IN, n. IL, ne. IA, ND, MT, and OR. |  |
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