| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juncaceae | Juncus acuminatus | Sharp-fruited Rush | In a range of natural and disturbed, saturated and seasonally flooded wetlands. | ME and NS to ON and MN, south to n. peninsular FL, TX, and n. Mexico; S. Mexico and Honduras; BC to CA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii | Sharp Rush | Sandy soil at edge of salt marsh, presumably only a waif. | Native of the Neotropics north to sw. United States. Reported for se. GA by Jones & Coile (1988) and Kartesz (1999, 2020), but not by FNA. The distribution in GA is documented by a correctly-identified specimen at Herbarium GA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. americanus | Northern Green Rush | Shores, calcareous seeps, including slumps along Lake Erie. | Greenland, NL, NT, and AK, south to ME, n. NH, n. VT, NY, nw. PA, n. OH, n. IN, ne. IL, w. MO, NE, n. AZ, s. UT, and WA; ne. Asia. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. fuscescens | NB and ON south to NY, west to MI, n. IL, and WI (and further west). More precise distribution data is needed on this subspecies of Juncus alpinoarticulatus, which has not been confirmed in our flora region. Pennsylvania specimens of J. alpinoarticulatus have been identified as J. alpinoarticulatus ssp. americanus (Steve Grund, pers. comm., 2022). | |||
| Juncaceae | Juncus anthelatus | Large Path Rush, Greater Poverty Rush | Moist or wet sites, including disturbed areas such as roadsides, paths, and fields. | NB and ME west to MN, south to GA, AR, and se. TX. The distribution as mapped here is somewhat speculative because of general historic lack of recognition. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus articulatus | Jointed Rush | Interdune swales, maritime wet grasslands, marshes, calcareous seepage wetlands, wet open ground, stream banks, gravel bars. | Nearly cosmopolitan; in North America from NL (Newfoundland) to AK, south to e. MD (Knapp et al. 2011), e. NC (Cape Hatteras, Dare County) (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008), s. WV, sw. VA, and CA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus balticus var. littoralis | Baltic Rush | Open calcareous wetlands (fens), prairies. | The species is circumboreal; var. littoralis is North American: NL (Labrador) west to BC, south to NY (Long Island), NJ, PA, w. VA, OH, IN, MO, and KS. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus biflorus | Large Grass-leaved Rush | Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, mesic areas in sandhill-pocosin ecotones, roadsides, low fields in the Piedmont, wet meadows, interdune swales, freshwater and oligohaline tidal marshes, ditches. | MA to MO, south to FL, TX, Mexico and Central America, and disjunct in South America. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus brachycarpus | Short-fruited Rush | Ditches, depressions, ponds, especially in seasonally flooded sites that draw down early in the growing season. | MA to IL, south to SC, wc. GA, and TX. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus brachycephalus | Small-headed Rush | Calcareous fens and seeps. | NS west to ND, south to MA, OH, and IL; disjunct southward in VA, n. GA, TN, and CO (Falsely reported for AL). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus brachyphyllus | Dry, sandy fields and barrens, dry prairies and sandstone glades. | MO and KS, south to TX; MT, ID, and WA south to CA; disjunct in the Coastal Plain of w. TN. |  | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus bufonius | Toad Rush | Wet, open ground, roadsides, dried pools, drawdown shores. | Cosmopolitan, and polymorphic; a number of varieties and segregate species have sometimes been recognized, but need additional study. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus caesariensis | New Jersey Rush | Sphagnous seepages in the Coastal Plain, seeps and bogs at low to moderate elevations in the Mountains of NC. | Rare throughout its range, it is known only from several sites in NJ, MD, VA, NC, and NS (Newell & Newell 1994). Found in 1992 from a seepage bog in Clay County, NC, and in 1993 from a bog in Henderson County, NC, where associated with northern disjuncts. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus canadensis | Canadian Rush | Lake, pond and stream margins, swamps, bogs, seepage slopes, wet meadows, ditches. | NL (Newfoundland) to MN, south to c. peninsular FL, TN, and LA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus capitatus | Capped Rush | Moist to wet, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Reported for n. AL (Kartesz 1999); rejected by Kral et al. (2010) | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus compressus | Roundfruit Rush | Disturbed ground, ditches, in saline or alkaline soils, especially along heavily salted roadways. | Native of Europe. NS to ON, south to MD, PA, w. NY, MI, WS, and sporadically distributed westward in high elevations. Reported for MD and DE (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus conglomeratus | Bunch-flowered Soft Rush | Low, marshy or peaty places. | Native of Europe. Reported for WV and northward. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus coriaceus | Leathery Rush | Stream and pond margins, swamps, flatwoods depressions, roadside ditches. | S. NJ to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX, north in the interior to KY, AR, and OK. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus debilis | Weak Rush | Marshy shores, stream and pond margins, along puddles in wet, disturbed clearings, ditches. | RI to MO, south to n. FL and e. TX; Honduras. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus dichotomus | Forked Rush | Often in disturbed, open, wet areas, ditches, wet meadows. | MA to c. peninsular FL, west to OK and TX; Central America. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus diffusissimus | Diffuse Rush, Slim-pod Rush | Low, wet open areas, ditches, margins of ponds and streams. | Originally distributed from KY, s. IN, s. IL, MO and KS south to s. AL, MS, LA, and TX, the more eastern part of the distribution apparently adventive (Lamont & Young 2005). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus dudleyi | Dudley's Rush | Calcareous seepages and fens, river-scours. | NL (Labrador) to NU, YT and AK, south FL, TX, CA, and Mexico. First reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997) [but these specimens are misidentified] and for NC by Tom Govus (pers. comm., 2005). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus effusus ssp. solutus | Common Rush, Soft Rush | Moist soil, marshes, margin of streams, ponds, lakes and swamps, low meadows. | NL (Newfoundland) to MN, south to s. FL and Mexico. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus elliottii | Elliott's Rush | Margins of ponds and lakes, depressions in savannas and flatwoods, wet, disturbed clearings, roadside ditches. | Coastal Plain, DE and e. MD (Knapp et al. 2011) to c. peninsular FL, west to se. TX |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus fascinatus | Fascinating Rush | Seepy areas. | E. and c. TX. | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus filiformis | Thread Rush | Bogs, wet acid areas. | Circumboreal, south in North America to e. PA, w. PA, ne. WV, n. MI, and n. MN. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus filipendulus | Ringseed Rush, Texas Plains Rush | Seasonally wet soils of prairies and limestone barrens. | KY, TN, and AL west to OK and TX. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus georgianus | Georgia Rush, Flatrock Rush | Shallow depressions in granitic outcrops. | An endemic of the Southeastern Piedmont, restricted to granitic flatrocks of NC, SC, GA, and ec. AL. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus gerardi | Blackfoot Rush, Blackgrass, Saltmarsh Rush, Saltmeadow Rush | Brackish marshes, salt marshes (including inland salt marshes), salt pannes. | Circumboreal, in North America from Greenland and NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to VA, MO, OK, UT, and CA (some of the southern occurrences perhaps introduced). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus greenei | Greene’s Rush | Pine barrens, other dry, open sandy sites. | NB west to MN, south to s. NJ, n. OH, n. IN, n. IL, and IA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus gymnocarpus | Seep Rush | Bogs, seeps, streambanks and riverbanks (especially just below waterfalls). | Local, distributed in four disjunct area: mountains of e. PA; southern Blue Ridge of w. NC, e. TN, nw. SC and ne. GA; southern end of the Ridge and Valley in Bibb County, AL; and Coastal Plain of sw. GA, s. AL, s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999), and w. Panhandle FL. In the Appalachians, J. gymnocarpus is scattered in mountain bogs and seeps throughout the mountain region of nw. NC, ne. TN south to nw. SC and n. GA; it reaches its most general occurrence in the escarpment gorge region of Transylvania, Macon, and Jackson counties, NC, where it also occurs along streambanks, especially just below waterfalls. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus inflexus | European Meadow Rush | Seeps and calcareous wet meadows, usually over limestone or dolomite, disturbed wet or moist ground. | Native of Eurasia. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus interior | Inland Rush | Calcareous prairies, disturbed sites. | OH west to SK, south to e. TN, AL (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008), MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008), LA, TX, and NM. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus longii | Long’s Rush | Usually in very wet, often inundated sites, bogs, ditches, rooting in clay or peat. | MD south through VA, NC, SC to s. MS and se. LA (Urbatsch 2013), mainly in the Coastal Plain; disjunct inland in boggy sites, as in w. NC, nc. GA, TN, and n. AL (Knapp & Naczi 2008, more extensive distributions are based on misattribution). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus marginatus | Grass-leaved Rush | Wet meadows, bogs, generally throughout in wet, sandy or peaty soil. | NS to ON, MI, and NE, south to s. peninsular FL and TX; disjunct in CA and in South America. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus maritimus | Seaside Rush | Salt marshes and saline, near-coastal areas. | Native of Europe. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus megacephalus | Large-headed Rush | Brackish and freshwater marshes, bogs, wet prairies, interdune swales, ditches, wet, open places. | Coastal Plain, e. MD (Knapp et al. 2011) and VA to s. FL, west to se. TX. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus militaris | Bayonet Rush | Lakeshores, shallow streams. | NS to MD, DE, and ne. PA; inland near the Great Lakes; disjunct at Phelps Lake, Washington County, NC (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008). |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus nodatus | Stout Rush | Shallow water, marshes, sloughs, pine savannas, bogs. | KY west to KS, south to TN, AL, w. Panhandle FL, MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008), LA, and TX. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus nodosus | Knotted Rush | Calcareous fens, seeps, wet meadows, swamps, and streamsides. | NL (Newfoundland) to BC, south to DE, w. VA, WV, IN, MO, TX, and CA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus paludosus | Swamp Rush | Hardwood swamps, cypress swamps and stringers with seasonally flowing water, adjacent ditches. | SC south to s. FL, west to LA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus pelocarpus | Brown-fruited Rush | Ditches, along pond and stream margins, seepage slopes, disturbed open areas, sea-level fens, interdunal swales, Atlantic white-cedar swamps. | NL (Labrador) west to MN, south to DE, e. VA, n. IN; se. VA to SC; FL Panhandle and s. AL. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus polycephalos | Many-headed Rush | Sandy pond margins, ditches, pine savannas. | Coastal Plain, NC to s. FL, west to e. TX; KS. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus pylaei | Common Rush | Moist soil, bogs, marshes, swamp forests, margin of streams, ponds, lakes and swamps, low meadows; overlooked and probably more widespread and common than shown. | Throughout eastern North America, south at least to NC and SC. The mapped distribution is unusually speculative, owing to past lumping with Juncus effusus. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus ranarius | Frog Rush | Coastal sands and salt marshes. | NF (Labrador) south to ME, MA, and DE; Europe. The American distribution is sometimes considered to be as an introduction from Europe. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus repens | Creeping Rush | Streams, ponds, lakes, ditches, wet depressions in flatwoods, cypress savannas. | DE to s. FL, west to TX, north into OK and TN; Mexico (Tabasco); Cuba. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus roemerianus | Black Needle Rush | Coastal tidal marshes, forming dense stands at and above mean high tide, above the Spartina alterniflora (= Sporobolus alterniflorus) zone. | MD to s. FL, west to se. TX; Bahamas; Hispaniola. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus scirpoides var. compositus | Lobe-headed Rush | Roadsides, wet, open, disturbed areas. | Coastal Plain: NC, GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, SC, TX, VA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus scirpoides var. scirpoides | Wet, open, disturbed areas, ditches, sandhill pocosin ecotones and seepage bogs, savannas and wet pine flatwoods, wet meadows. | S. NY to s. FL, mostly Coastal Plain and Piedmont; west to TX; IN to MI, MO, OK. |  | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus secundus | Secund Rush, Lop-sided Rush | Dry woodlands and fields, rock outcrops. | ME to IN, south to n. GA, c. AL, n. LA, and s. OK. Reports from the Coastal Plain of AL and MS are false, based on misidentification of J. dichotomus. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus species 1 | Altamaha Grit, GA. | |||
| Juncaceae | Juncus subcaudatus | Somewhat-tailed Rush | Bogs, mossy woods and other wet places. | NS to NY, southwest to MO and n. AR and southeast to GA. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus tenuis | Path Rush, Slender Rush, Poverty Rush | Dry or moist soil along roadsides and paths, fields. | NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to FL, TX, CA, and n. Mexico; Central and South America; introduced widely around the world. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus texanus | Texas Rush | Low areas. | Sc. OK south to c. TX. | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus torreyi | Torrey's Rush | Bogs, fens, seeps, other sites with wet soil, especially over limestone. | NB west to BC, south to GA, TX, CA, and n. Mexico. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus trigonocarpus | Redpod Rush | Seepage slopes, bogs, along stream margins, ditches in acid, sandy landscapes. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL Panhandle, west to e. TX. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus tweedyi | Narrow-panicled Rush, Short-tailed Rush | Bogs and seeps, peaty pond margins, beaver meadows, southward at high elevations. | NL (Newfoundland) to MB south to MN, PA, and in mountains south to NC and n. GA (stated as unverified in TN by Tennessee Flora Committee 2015); scattered in w. North America. |  |
| Juncaceae | Juncus validus | Vigorous Rush, Round-headed Rush, Stout Rush | Stream and pond margins, roadside ditches, wet, open, often disturbed ground. | NC to n. FL, west to TX, OK and MO; apparently non-native east of the Mississippi River (Knapp et al. 2011; Knapp 2014). |  |
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