Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Onagraceae | Oenothera argillicola | Shale-barren Evening-primrose | Shale barrens and woodlands. | Sc. PA south through MD to e. WV and w. VA (south to Montgomery County). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera biennis | Common Evening-primrose | Fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Ranging widely in e. North America and Europe, and scattered in w. North America. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera curtiflora | Small-flowered Gaura, Velvety Gaura, Lizardtail Gaura | Sandy fields, disturbed areas, and clearings. | IN and IL west to WA, south to MS, and Mexico (PUE); apparently introduced eastward to MA, TN, GA, and SC (the exact eastern edge of the native distribution uncertain). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera curtissii | Florida Evening-primrose | Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy fields, other dry disturbed areas. | Se. SC south to n. peninsular FL, west to s. AL. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera drummondii | Drummond's Evening-primrose | Sandy ocean beaches, disturbed areas; eastwards perhaps only introduced or adventive from the western Gulf Coast. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to se. TX, and south to c. Mexico (BCS, HGO, QRO, SLP, SON, TAB, TAM, VER); occurrences eastwards (from FL, SC, and NC) are sometimes considered adventive, but in habitat are entirely plausible as native occurrences. All inland occurrences should be considered adventive. O. thalassaphila Brandegee is restricted to the southern tip of Baja California. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera filipes | Threadstalk Gaura | Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, barrens, prairies, sandy fields, disturbed areas, and clearings. | SC west to n. TN and s. IN, south to ne. FL and e. and w. LA. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. fruticosa | Narrowleaf Sundrops | Piedmont hardpan woodlands, mafic and ultramafic barrens and glades, dry oak-hickory woodlands, longleaf pine sandhills, dry roadsides. | SC north to PA, mostly in the Piedmont. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. microcarpa | Small-fruited Sundrops | Boggy depressions. | E. MD south to e. SC. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. subglobosa | Flatrock Sundrops | Granite flatrocks and domes. | GA to e. AL. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera unguiculata | Coastal Sundrops | Longleaf pine sandhill seeps, moist to wet loamy savannas, wet maritime grasslands. | Long Island, NY south to through the mid-Atlantic states to e. SC and e. GA. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera gaura | Biennial Gaura, Northeastern Gaura | Barrens, glades, woodlands, roadsides, streambanks, fields, disturbed areas. | MA and NY west to WI, se. MN, and IA, south to sw. NC, c. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), sc. TN, and c. IL. Reports from the Gulf and Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain appear to be based on misidentification of O. simulans and O. filiformis. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera glazioviana | Garden Evening-primrose | Disturbed areas. | This species apparently arose as a garden hybrid, and has been widely cultivated and naturalized nearly worldwide. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera grandiflora | Large-flowered Evening-primrose | Woodlands, river-banks, disturbed areas. | Apparently native to Panhandle FL, AL, and MS; scattered elsewhere as a horticultural plant. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera grandis | Showy Ragged Evening-primrose | Upland prairies, roadsides, other disturbed (especially sandy) areas. | IL, MO, and NE south to LA, TX, NM, and Mexico (DGO, MIC, TAM). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera humifusa | Seabeach Evening-primrose, Spreading Evening-primrose | Coastal sand dunes, disturbed sandy areas and lawns on barrier islands. | S. NJ south to s. FL, west to s. LA, along the coast. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera laciniata | Cutleaf Evening-primrose | Disturbed areas. | ME west to ND, south to s. FL and TX; also in CA. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera linifolia | Threadleaf Sundrops, Flaxleaf Sundrops | Barrens, glades, dry openings, and fields. | C. VA west to s. IL and se. KS, south to Panhandle FL and se. TX. Some of the occurrences east of the Mississippi River may be adventive. Belden et al. (2004) discuss the Virginia occurrence. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera nutans | Nodding Evening-primrose | Roadsides, openings, forest edges, pastures. | ME west to MI, south to n. FL, s. AL, and s. MO. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera oakesiana | Oakes's Evening-primrose | Sandy dunes and sandplains, river-scours, disturbed areas, roadsides. | NS west to MB, south to e. NC (?), VA, PA, n. IN, n. IL, and s. MN. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera parviflora | Small-flowered Evening-primrose, Northern Evening-primrose | Fields, disturbed areas. | NS west to MB, south to NC, TN, KY, and MO. Reported for GA (GANHP). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera perennis | Little Sundrops | Bogs, sphagnous seeps, moist fields. | NS west to MB, south to w. NC, nw. SC, KY, and MO. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera pilosella | Midwestern Evening-primrose | Fens, marshes, swamps, moist fields, disturbed areas. | NH west to ON, south to s. VA, KY, n. AL, c. MS, and c. LA; widely cultivated, many occurrences eastward and southward likely represent introductions. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera riparia | Riverbank Evening-primrose | Freshwater tidal marshes and freshwater tidal swamp forests, non-tidal swamps, along channel margins, and especially on rises, stumps, fallen logs, and cypress knees. | Se. VA south to se. NC and e. SC. Present in the freshwater tidal portions of the Waccamaw, Northeast Cape Fear, Black, Greater Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Scuppernong, and Alligator rivers. Gramling et al. (2018) discuss the species' occurrence along the Edisto River (Charleston and Colleton counties, SC). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera simulans | Southeastern Gaura, Southern Bee-blossom | Longleaf pine sandhills, other open woodlands, sandy fields, roadsides, primarily in the outer Coastal Plain. | E. NC (Dare County) south to s. FL, west to e. TX, endemic to the Coastal Plain. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera sinuosa | Wavyleaf Gaura | Sandy fields, disturbed areas, and clearings. | AR and OK south to s. TX and n. Mexico (BCN, TAM), introduced eastward to SC and FL. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera speciosa | Showy Evening-primrose, Pink-ladies | Grasslands, prairies, glades, roadsides and fields, also cultivated as an ornamental. | The original distribution obscured by subsequent cultivation and spread, but apparently something like IA and NE south to LA, TX, NM, and Mexico (BCS, CHH, COA, DGO, MOR, NLE, SLP, SON, TAM, ZAC). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera triloba | Stemless Evening-primrose | Limestone glades, blackbelt prairies, playas, floodplains; eastwards also in disturbed areas. | MO and KS south through AR, OK, and e. NM to ne. LA, TX, and n. Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, NLE, TAM); also scattered east of the Mississippi River in both native and apparently introduced populations. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera villosa ssp. villosa | Hairy Evening-primrose | Prairies, eastwards naturalized in fields, roadsides, other disturbed areas. | ON west to AB, south to AR and TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera clelandii | Sand Evening-primrose | Sand prairies, riverbanks, dry, sandy disturbed areas. | MI, WI, and MN south to KY and AR; scattered further east as introductions. Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999, 2021), but based on misidentification. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera filiformis | Large-flowered Gaura, Biennial Gaura, Tall Gaura | Glades, prairies, woodlands, shell middens and calcareous hammocks, openings in bottomland forests, disturbed areas, especially over calcareous soils. | MI, WI, MN, SD, and NE, south to AL, MS, LA, and s. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera macrocarpa ssp. macrocarpa | Missouri Evening-primrose, Wingfruit Evening-primrose, Glade-lily, Missouri-primrose | Glades on calcareous substrates, blackland prairies. | IL west to WY, south to n. AR and c. TX; disjunct in c. TN. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera serrulata | Plains Sundrops | Riverbanks, prairies. | ON west to AB, south to w. KY (Jones 2005), w. AR, s. TX, s. NM, and s. AZ. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera species 2 | Sharp's Sundrops | Oak savannas and prairies of the Eastern Highland Rim. | Known from the Eastern Highland Rim of TN. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera hispida | Sweet Gaura, Scented Gaura, Drummond's Gaura | Prairies, disturbed areas. | AR south to LA, TX, and Mexico (BCN, BCS, COA, DGO, GTO, HGO, MEX, MIC, NLE, OAX, QRO, SLP, TAM, ZAC); disjunct eastward in e. GA (Kartesz 1999), where apparently introduced. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera lindheimeri | Lindheimer's Beeblossom | Coastal prairies; eastwards on roadsides and in other disturbed areas. | W. LA and TX; scattered eastwards (perhaps only as introductions) in e. LA (the Florida parishes), s. MS, s. AL, and Panhandle FL. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera capillifolia ssp. berlandieri | Berlandier's Sundrops | Prairies, sandy, rocky, or gravelly open areas, especially calcareous. | KS and s. CO south to e. TX, s. TX, w. TX, and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera heterophylla ssp. orientalis | Alabama Evening-primrose | Xeric fluvial sand ridges and barrens, other open, sandy areas. | Endemic to w. AL (Pickens and Sumter counties), sw. AR, and MS (Tombigbee barrens, J. Kees, pers.comm. 2021). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera rhombipetala | Longspike Evening-primrose, Sand Evening-primrose | Riverbanks, prairies, disturbed areas. | MI, WI, MN, and ND south to w. LA, TX, and se. NM. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera spachiana | Spach's Evening-primrose | Prairies, open woodlands, sandy areas. | Sw. AR and OK south to w. LA and e. TX; disjunct eastwards in MS and AL. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera patriciae | Plains Gaura | Sandy open areas. | OK south through w. LA, e. TX, and c. TX; historically eastwards in MS, perhaps only as a waif. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera capillifolia ssp. capillifolia | Berlandier's Sundrops | Prairies and oak savannas, in sandy and rocky areas, especially calcareous. | OK and NM south through s. LA and s. TX to Mexico; disjunct eastward in MS and AL. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera suffrutescens | Scarlet Gaura | Sandy or rocky prairies. | ON and BC south to MO, OK, TX, NM, AZ, CA, and to se. Mexico. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera demareei | Demaree's Gaura, Ouachita Gaura | Open meadows in sandy loam. | AR west to e. OK and e. TX, centered in the Ouachita Mountains. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera mckelveyae | McKelvey's Evening-primrose | Sandy areas. | Se. and s. TX south into ne. Mexico (NLE, TAM). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera suffulta | Kisses | Prairies, roadsides, disturbed areas. | OK south to s. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera triangulata | Prairie Gaura | Sandy open areas. | Sc. OK south to nc. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera cinerea ssp. parksii | Parks's Gaura | Red sands. | S. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera cinerea ssp. cinerea | Woolly Gaura | Sandy flats and dunes. | KS and se. CO south to c. TX, w. TX, and s. NM. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera elata ssp. hirsutissima | Hooker's Evening Primrose | Moist sites in floodplains, fallow fields, and other disturbed areas. | KS, CO, ID, and WA south to e. OK, e. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera falfurriae | Royal Evening-primrose | Open, sandy sites. | E. and s. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera glaucifolia | False Gaura | Limestone and dolomite glades, disturbed areas. | MO, SD, and se. WY south to sw. AR, e. and c. TX, and NM. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera heterophylla ssp. heterophylla | Sandhill Evening-primrose | Sandy oak woodlands, also roadsides and other disturbed areas. | Sw. AR and ne. TX south to sw. LA and e. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera kunthiana | Kunth's Evening-primrose | Alluvial flats. | S., c., and w. TX and se. AZ south to se. Mexico. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera mexicana | Mexican Evening-primrose | Open, sandy areas. | E., se., and s. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera nuttallii | Nuttall's Evening-primrose | Disturbed areas. | ON west to AB, south to MN, KS, CO, and UT, and introduced eastwards in c. IL, MI, and WI. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera sessilis | Prairie Sundrops | Marshy areas. | AR south to w. LA and se. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera rosea | Rose Evening-primrose | Along creeks and rivers, disturbed areas. | TX south to Mexico and Central America; West Indies. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera tetraptera | Fourwing Evening-primrose | Alluvial flats, disturbed areas. | E. and s. TX southwards into sc. Mexico. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera jamesii | Trumpet Evening-primrose | Stream banks, other moist areas. | Sc. KS, c. and w. OK, TX, and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. pubescens | Hartweg's Sundrops | Open sandy or calcareous areas. | KS, NM, and AZ south through e. OK and c. and s. TX to Mexico (COA, DUR). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera macrocarpa ssp. oklahomensis | Oklahoma Sundrops | In rocky or clayey areas. | S. KS through OK to nc. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera albicaulis | Dry, sandy areas. | ND and MT south to sc. OK, wc. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (CHH, SON). | ||
Onagraceae | Oenothera cordata | Heartleaf Evening-primrose | Sandy oak woodlands and savannas. | Endemic in se. TX. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. fendleri | Fendler's Sundrops | Prairies, calcareous grasslands. | Sc. KS, n. NM, and n. AZ south to s. and w. TX and ne. Mexico (COA). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. maccartii | MacCart's Sundrops | Grasslands over limestone. | C. and s. TX south to ne. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera species 1 | Dunes, other dry sandy areas near the coast. | Along the TX coast, south to TAM. | ||
Onagraceae | Oenothera tubicula ssp. tubicula | Texas Sundrops | Grasslands over limestone. | Nc. TX and NM south to sc. and w. TX and Mexico (CHH?, COA, NLE, TAM, and ZAC). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera calcicola | Texas Gaura | Dry limestone and caliche soils. | C. and w. TX south to Mexico (COA, DUR, NLE, QRO?, TAM). | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera pallida ssp. latifolia | Pale Evening-primrose | Sandy or rocky areas. | SD and MT south to sc. OK, NM, and UT. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera tetragona | Northern Sundrops | Moist to wet meadows, woodlands, stream margins, river-scours, rocky shoals. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MI, south to e. VA and MO. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera glauca | Glaucous Sundrops | Cliffs, rocky streambanks, moist forests over sedimentary rock. | Cumberland Plateau and Ridge and Valley of KY, TN, and GA. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera hybrida | Blue Ridge Sundrops | Moist forests and woodlands, rocky streambanks, moist roadsides, at moderate to high elevations. | Southern Blue Ridge Mountains of VA south through NC and TN to GA. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. goodmanii | Ozark Sundrops | Dry forests and woodlands, glades, rock outcrops. | Ozark Plateau and Ouachita Mountains, and adjacent areas, of AK, OK, MO, and LA. | |
Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. 1 | Glandular Sundrops | Calcareous barrens and glades, post oak savannas and flatwoods, other dry to dry-mesic, rocky or sandy woodlands. | S. SC west to MS and north to IL and OH. |
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