| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asteraceae | Solidago aestivalis | Peat-loving Goldenrod | Sandhill seeps, mountain bogs, other saturated and sphagnous habitats. | NS and ME south to NC; reports from SC are based on misidentifications. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago albopilosa | Rockhouse Goldenrod, Cave Goldenrod | Sandstone rockhouses. | In the Red River Gorge of e. KY (Menifee, Powell, and Wolfe counties). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago altiplanities | High Plains Goldenrod | Prairies. | C. OK and ne. NM south to Panhandle TX. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago altissima var. altissima | Tall Goldenrod | Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. | NS, QC, and SK south to n. GA, n. AL, n. MS, AR, and e. OK; introduced in w. North America. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago altissima var. gilvocanescens | Great Plains Tall Goldenrod | Stream margins, open areas. | IN, IL, WI, MN, sw. ON, MB, SK, AB, BC south to IN, sc. IL, c. MO, OK, nc. TX, ne. NM. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago altissima var. pluricephala | Southern Tall Goldenrod | Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Se. VA, NC, TN, AR, and OK south to c. peninsular FL, s. TX, and adjacent Mexico. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago arenicola | Black Warrior Goldenrod | Riverside scour areas. | Known from Blount County, AL (Black Warrior River), on rivers in the Cumberland Plateau of TN and KY (notably Big South Fork of the Cumberland River), and on Rocky Creek (Walker County), GA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago arguta | Forest Goldenrod | Woodlands, woodland borders, bluffs, sloped forests, road margins or cut-over woods. | S. ME and s. ON south to NC and TN; disjunct in s. OL, MO, and (?) AR. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago auriculata | Eared Goldenrod | Rocky forests over circumneutral rocks, bottomland forests, calcareous hammocks. | Wc. SC, sc. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), AR, and se. OK south to GA, c. Panhandle FL, AL, MS, LA, and e. TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago austrina | Piedmont Wand Goldenrod | Piedmont prairie remnants, openings in xeric hardpan forests, upland depressions, clay roadbanks and powerline rights-of-way, post oak savannas, and open oak-hickory woodlands. | Sc. NC south to GA, Panhandle FL, and nw. AL, extending (as here interpreted) into TN and KY. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago austrocaroliniana | South Carolina Goldenrod | Moist clay soils. | Known only from the type collection, in the upper Piedmont of SC. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago ayuhwasi | Hiwassee Goldenrod | Rocky river-scour. | Endemic to a 5-mile stretch of the Hiwassee River in Polk County, TN. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago bicolor | Silverrod, White Goldenrod | Woodlands, roadbanks, pastures. | NS and MB south to GA and MS. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago boottii | Boott’s Goldenrod | Dry open woodlands, dry slopes, often in sandy or rocky soils. | C. SC south to s. AL, west to LA, AR, and s. MO, most common in the Ozarks. Reported for n. WV by Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton (2006), but it seems likely that this is based on different interpretations of the taxa. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago brachyphylla | Dixie Goldenrod | Open woodlands, bluff forests. | SC south to ne. FL and Panhandle FL, west to s. AL (s. MS?). A report from NC is based on a misidentified specimen. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago buckleyi | Buckley’s Goldenrod | Forests, open ridgetop and bluff woodlands. | W. KY, s. IN, s. IL, s. MO and n. AR; perhaps southeastwards in GA and AL (these occurrences controversial as to identification). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago caesia | Axillary Goldenrod | Moist forested slopes. | ME and ON south to n. FL and LA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago canadensis var. canadensis | Northern Common Goldenrod | Old fields, pastures, roadsides. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to VA, OH, and IL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago canadensis var. hargeri | Harger’s Common Goldenrod | Old fields, pastures, roadsides. | VT and NH west to MN, south to VA, NC, TN, OH, IL, and IA. First reported for NC by Poindexter & Murrell (2008) and for TN by Morton (2017). Likely much more common than assumed, but misrepresented due to taxonomic confusion with S. altissima. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago canescens | Plains Bold Goldenrod | Upland prairies. | ON and AB south to MO, OK, TX (?), and NM. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago chapmanii | Chapman’s Goldenrod | Longleaf pine sandhills, dry, open hammocks, pine rocklands. | S. GA south to s. FL and Panhandle FL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago chrysopsis | Keys Goldenrod | Seepage, boggy sites. | S. FL, rarely north to c. FL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago curtisii | Curtis’s Goldenrod | Moist forested slopes, and rarely in mafic woodlands in the Piedmont of VA. | A Central and Southern Appalachian endemic: WV south to n. GA and n. AL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago decemflora | Western Gray Goldenrod | Prairies. | MI west to BC, south to AR, TX, NM, and MT. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago delicatula | Smooth Elmleaf Goldenrod | Bottomlands, woodland openings. | Se. KS, OK, and AR south to TX and w. LA; disjunct eastward in AL and Panhandle FL. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago discoidea | Brintonia, Rayless Mock-goldenrod | Rich bluff forests. | Sw. GA and Panhandle FL west to w. LA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago dispersa | Louisiana Goldenrod | Longleaf pine woodlands, other dry woodlands and barrens, disturbed areas, especially in sandy soils. | AR and OK south to s. LA and e. TX. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago drummondii | Drummond's Goldenrod | Calcareous bluffs and ledges. | S. and w. IL, MO, south to n. AR. A midwestern endemic. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago erecta | Slender Goldenrod | Woodlands, old fields, woodland borders, grassy balds. | NY and CT south to GA, AL, and MS. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago faucibus | Gorge Goldenrod | Moist forests. | S. WV south to sw. VA, se. KY, and ne. TN; disjunct in nw. SC. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago fistulosa | Hairy Pineywoods Goldenrod | Pocosins, swamp forests, wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, maritime forests. | NJ south to s. FL, west to LA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago flaccidifolia | Appalachian Goldenrod | Forests. | VA and KY south to GA and ne. AL; disjunct in nc. MS. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago flexicaulis | Zigzag Goldenrod, Broad-leaved Goldenrod | Moist wooded slopes, especially over calcareous or mafic rocks. | NS, ON, and ND south to GA, AL, and KS. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago gattingeri | Gattinger’s Goldenrod | Calcareous glades, calcareous upland prairies. | MO and n. AR; disjunct eastwards in c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago gigantea | Smooth Goldenrod | Old fields, roadsides, streamside meadows, bottomlands. | NS west to SK and MT, south to Panhandle FL (Liberty County), TX, and CO. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago glomerata | Skunk Goldenrod | High elevation situations, including grassy balds, rock outcrops, heath balds, northern hardwood forests, and spruce-fir forests. | A narrow Southern Appalachian endemic, restricted to w. NC and e. TN (perhaps reaching its northern limit on Elk Knob, Watauga County, NC) |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago gracillima | Southern Bog Goldenrod, Graceful Goldenrod | Wet pine savannas, seepage bogs. | E. NC south to c. Panhandle FL, west to s. AL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago harrisii | Shale-barren Goldenrod | Limestone, dolostone, greenstone, shale, and calcareous siltstone woodlands, barrens, and cliffs. | A Central Appalachian endemic: sc. PA south to e. WV and w. VA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago hispida var. hispida | Hairy Goldenrod | Dry rocky forests and woodland edges. | NL (Labrador) west to SK, south to nw. GA, AL, AR, IA, and SD. Widespread in e. and c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) and in nw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). Also reported for NC and SC by Kartesz (1999, 2010). Our variety is the typic; other varieties are more northern, around the Great Lakes and in maritime Canada. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago jacksonii | Southeastern Bold Goldenrod | Glades, barrens, and prairie-like areas, over mafic (such as diabase) or calcareous (such as calcareous shale) rocks, and in adjacent disturbed areas, such as roadbanks and powerline rights-of-way. | Sc. VA, se. TN, sc. OH, and e. MO south to c. SC, sw. GA, s. AL, MS, and e. TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago juliae | Julia's Goldenrod | Streambanks. | C. and w. TX, south and southwest into COA and CHH; disjunct in nc. TX (Somervell County) (A. Campos, pers.comm. 2023). | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago juncea | Early Goldenrod | Meadows, pastures, roadbanks, woodland borders. | NS west to MN, south to GA, AL, MS, and n. LA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago kralii | Kral's Goldenrod | Longleaf pine sandhills. | SC south to GA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago lancifolia | Lanceleaf Goldenrod | Grassy balds, openings in spruce-fir and northern hardwoods forests, at high elevations. | Sw. VA south to w. NC and e. TN. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago latissimifolia | Coastal Swamp Goldenrod | Pocosins, swamp forests, sandhill seepages, sandhill-pocosin ecotones. | NS south c. peninsular FL, west to Panhandle FL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago leavenworthii | Leavenworth's Goldenrod | Wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, pondcypress savannas, pond margins, marshes, also in a wide variety of other wet and dry habitats, including disturbed areas in pine flatwoods. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to s. AL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago mexicana | Southern Seaside Goldenrod | Coastal dunes, dune slacks, maritime wet grasslands, tidal marshes. | E. MA south to s. FL, west and south to TX and Mexico (TAB, TAM, VER); West Indies. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculata | Eastern Missouri Goldenrod | Prairies, barrens, woodlands, barrens, "Coosa prairies". | MI, w. ON, and s. AB, south to se. TN, nw. GA, MS, AR, se. TX, Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM). In nw. GA (T. Govus, pers.comm. 2009); in c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago mollis | Velvet Goldenrod | Sandy prairies, fencerows. | MN, SK, AB, and BC south to c. OK, c. TX, and NM. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago nemoralis | Eastern Gray Goldenrod | Woodlands, glades, barrens, roadbanks. | NS west to ND, south to Panhandle FL and TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago nitida | Shiny Goldenrod | Pine savannas, sandy prairies. | MS west to s. AR, se. OK, and TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago odora | Licorice Goldenrod | Dry forests and woodlands, especially in dry pinelands, such as sandhills, of the Coastal Plain, inland in dry, fire-maintained sites, such as glades, barrens, and ridgetop pine-oak woodlands. | NH, VT, NY, OH, and MO south to FL and TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago ohioensis | Ohio Goldenrod | Fens, wet prairies, calcareous swamps, and other wet to moist calcareous sites. | NY, ON, and se. WI south to sc. OH, s. IN, and nc. IL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago ouachitensis | Ouachita Goldenrod | Forests on N-facing slopes. | Ouachita Mountains of w. AR and e. OK. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago pallescens | Piedmont Pale Goldenrod | Dry hillsides. | Ec. AL and wc. GA. | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago patula | Northern Roughleaf Goldenrod | Bogs, seepages over mafic rocks, grassy balds (as Whitetop Mountain). | NH, VT, NY, s. ON, MI and WI south to w. VA, w. NC, nc. GA, c. TN, w. TN, and se. MO. Coastal Plain records (except northwards, in DE, NJ, and NY) represent misidentifications of S. salicina. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago petiolaris var. angusta | Upland forests and woodlands. | S. IL, MO, and e. KS south to LA and c. TX. Reports from MS and e. LA appear to be based on S. petiolaris var. petiolaris. |  | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago petiolaris var. petiolaris | Downy Goldenrod | Upland forests and woodlands. | NC, SC, GA, AL, and MS south to n. FL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago petiolaris var. wardii | Upland forests and woodlands. | S. NE and se. CO south to AR, TX, and ne. NM. | ||
| Asteraceae | Solidago pinetorum | Pineywoods Goldenrod | Dry woodlands, woodland borders, roadbanks, dry pinelands. | N. and wc. VA south through e., c., and nw. NC to nc. SC. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago plumosa | Yadkin River Goldenrod | In crevices of outcrops in rocky, flood-scoured riverbanks. | Known only from the type locality, the gorge of the Yadkin River in c. NC |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago porteri | Porter's Goldenrod | Oak savannas, barrens, woodland edges (roadsides). | Piedmont of GA; Interior Low Plateau of c. TN and n. AL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago ptarmicoides | White Prairie-goldenrod, Upland White Aster | Prairie-like barrens over mafic, ultramafic, or calcareous rock, serpentine woodlands, prairies. | VT and NY west to SK, south to e. TN (Rhea and Roane counties in the Ridge and Valley) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), nw. GA (Floyd County), AR, and CO; disjunct in nc. NC (Granville County, and historically in Rowan County [Small & Heller 1892]) and nc. SC (York County). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago puberula | Downy Goldenrod | Bogs, wet meadows, and wet pastures, in dry acid soils in VA and WV. | NS west to ON, south to GA, nw. AL, and TN. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago pulchra | Beautiful Goldenrod, Carolina Goldenrod | Wet pine savannas, seepage bogs. | Endemic to a small part of the Coastal Plain of se. NC and adjacent ne. SC, where locally common in remaining wet savannas. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago pulverulenta | Pine savannas, streamhead pocosins, flatwoods, swamps, seepages in pinelands, and disturbed areas. | Se. VA south to Panhandle FL, west to s. AL. |  | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago racemosa | Sticky Goldenrod | Rocky, flood-scoured riversides. | ME and QC south to n. VA and WV; plants in the Cumberland Plateau of KY and ne. TN (Churchill & Schell 1992; Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) previously attributed to S. racemosa appear to be a mix of true S. racemosa and a population perhaps best considered either as a disjunct and somewhat morphologically disparate part of the newly named S. arenicola or as a new taxon (Floden 2012). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago radula | Rough Goldenrod | Calcareous prairies, dry woodlands, bluffs, glades, and barrens over mafic or calcareous rocks. | IL west to KS, south to LA and TX; disjunct eastward in KY, NC, SC, GA, and AL. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago randii | Rand's Goldenrod | Cliffs and barrens, primarily over mafic (such as greenstone and hornblende) or calcareous rocks. | NS west to ON and MI, south to w. VA and WV. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago riddellii | Riddell's Goldenrod | Wet, calcareous prairies, fens, calcareous swamps, calcareous seeps. | ON and MB south to OH, IN, IL, n. AR, and KS; disjunct in w. VA and nw. GA. The specimen from Fort Monroe ("Fortress Monroe, Va." – Fernald 1950) is accurately identified but seems likely to a mislabeling. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rigida | Midwestern Bold Goldenrod | Glades, barrens, and prairie-like areas, over mafic or calcareous rocks. | RI and MA west to NY, s. ON, MI, WI, s. MN and c. NE, south to c. VA, sc. NC, w. NC, sc. TN, c. AR, and se. TX. East of MI, IN, IL, MO, and OK, Solidago rigida is generally rare and restricted to relictual prairie-like situations. Reports of S. rigida in the Coastal Plain of MS and AL are based on S. jacksonii. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rigidiuscula | Narrowleaf Showy Goldenrod | Limestone barrens. | ON west to ND and WY, south to TN, LA, and TX; disjunct eastward in glade habitats to nw. GA (GANHP), TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), KY, and possibly NC and SC. Semple et al. (2012) also mention occurrences as far east as the Carolinas; this requires additional assessment. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago roanensis | Roan Mountain Goldenrod | Forests, woodlands, roadbanks. | MD and WV south to n. GA, largely Appalachian. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rugosa var. aspera | Fields, forests, roadsides. | ME west to MI, south to FL and TX. |  | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rugosa var. celtidifolia | Hackberry-leaf Goldenrod | Pocosins, seepage slopes, bogs, wetlands. | VA south to FL, west to OK and TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rugosa var. cronquistiana | Cronquist's Goldenrod | High elevation balds and forests. | A Southern Appalachian endemic: sw. VA, w. NC, and e. TN south to n. GA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rugosa var. rugosa | Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod | Fields, forests, wetlands. | NS west to ON, south to GA, AL, MS, LA, TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago rupestris | Riverbank Goldenrod, Rock Goldenrod | Crevices in rocky, flood-scoured riversides. | PA, OH, and IL south to n. VA and TN. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago salicina | Southern Roughleaf Goldenrod | Streamhead pocosins, sandhill seepages, swamp edges, rarely inland in seepage over rock. | Primarily Coastal Plain: se. VA south to Panhandle FL, west to se. OK and e. TX, and somewhat disjunct in the Ozarks and Ouachitas of MO and AR, also rarely reaching the lower Piedmont; disjunct in w. SC in the uppermost Piedmont in the Blue Ridge Escarpment region. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago sempervirens | Northern Seaside Goldenrod | Coastal dunes, dune slacks, maritime wet grasslands, tidal marshes. | NL (Newfoundland) south to ne. NC along the coast (and introduced inland in saline situations such as along salted roadways); isolated more southern occurrences likely reflect introductions. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago shortii | Kentucky Goldenrod, Short's Goldenrod | Rocky slopes. | Endemic to nc. KY (Fleming, Jefferson, Nicholas, Robertson counties) and s. IN. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago simulans | Granite Dome Goldenrod, Cliffside Goldenrod | In thin soil mats wetted by periodic seepage on granitic domes and lower elevation montane cedar hardwood woodlands. | Endemic to sw. NC, nw. SC, and ne. GA. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago species 1 | Wet pine savannas. | Se. NC, perhaps more widespread in the Coastal Plain. | ||
| Asteraceae | Solidago species 2 | This soil over sandstone | N. AL. | ||
| Asteraceae | Solidago speciosa | Showy Goldenrod, Noble Goldenrod | Pastures, forests, woodlands, roadbanks. | NH, VT, NY, and WI south to GA, MS, LA, and OK. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago sphacelata | Limestone Goldenrod, Heartleaved Goldenrod | Rock outcrops and dry rocky forests, usually over calcareous or mafic rocks. | C. VA, s. WV, s. OH, c. IN, and s. IL south to n. GA, c. AL, and ne. MS. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago spithamaea | Blue Ridge Goldenrod | In crevices of sloping to nearly vertical outcrops of high elevation rocky summits on Grandfather Mountain, Hanging Rock Mountain, and Roan Mountain. | Endemic to the three mountains named, the first two in NC, the third on the NC-TN border. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago squarrosa | Ragged Goldenrod, Stout Goldenrod, Squarrose Goldenrod | Upland forests. | NB and ON south to DE, w. NC, OH, and s. IN. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago stricta | Pine Barren Bog Goldenrod | Bogs and pine savannas. | S. NJ south to e. NC, in the Coastal Plain. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago tarda | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry pinelands, xeric fluvial sand ridges, Piedmont barrens and rocky woodlands. | NJ and e. PA south to e. VA, c. and s. GA, AL, and Panhandle FL; disjunct in Marion County, TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). |  | |
| Asteraceae | Solidago tortifolia | Leafy Pineywoods Goldenrod | Longleaf pine sandhills (especially in loamy flats and dips), sandy longleaf pine sandhills, other dry pinelands, calcareous clay prairies (Black Belt of AL and MS). | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to AR and TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago uliginosa var. peracuta | Narrowleaf Bog Goldenrod | Bogs. | NS and NL (Labrador) west to MB, south to NY, n. PA, MI, WI, n. IL, and MN. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago uliginosa var. uliginosa | Northern Bog Goldenrod | Bogs, wet meadows, mafic fens, acidic seepage swamps. | ME, ON, MI and WI south to e. VA, w. NC, ne. TN, s. IN, and c. IL (reports from farther south are dubious and need additional evaluation; most southern material formerly identified as S. uliginosa is actually S. simulans or S. gracillima). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago ulmifolia | Elmleaf Goldenrod | Rocky forests and woodlands, especially on mafic and calcareous substrates, moist hammocks (in FL). | NS, ME, ON, and MN, south to FL and TX. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago vaseyi | Vasey’s Goldenrod | Forests, woodlands, grassy balds. | W. MD (C. Frye, pers. comm., 2014) and WV west to c. TN and s. MO, south to ne. FL, Panhandle FL, s. MS, and c. AR. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago verna | Spring-flowering Goldenrod | Mesic pine savannas and flatwoods, lower slopes of longleaf pine sandhills, ecotones of longleaf pine sandhills to blackwater stream swamps, roadbanks and margins. | Se. NC south to e. SC. |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago villosicarpa | Carolina Maritime Goldenrod | Dry-mesic and mesic hardwood forests (and related disturbed areas), in the outer Coastal Plain. | Endemic to se. NC (Dare, Craven, Onslow, Pender, and Brunswick counties). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago virgata | Wand Goldenrod | Longleaf pine savannas, Coastal Plain bogs, pocosins, marshes. | NC south to s. FL, west to e. LA; West Indies and s. Mexico (CHP, VER). |  |
| Asteraceae | Solidago zedia | Gulf Coast Axillary Goldenrod | Moist forests. | E. NC and GA and Panhandle FL west to LA and AR. |  |
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