| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Violaceae | Viola ×williamsii | Horned Pansy | Commonly planted, seeding down locally near plantings. | Of garden origin. | |
| Violaceae | Viola ×wittrockiana | Garden Pansy | Cultivated, very sporadically persistent or remnant after planting. | Native of Europe. | |
| Violaceae | Viola affinis | Leconte’s Violet, Sand Violet | Damp to saturated (less typically periodically inundated), often sandy soils bordering vernal pools, streams and rivers in mesic to wet forests, and on terraces in floodplains and swamp borders. | ME to se. MN, south to GA and AR. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola appalachiensis | Appalachian Violet | Moist loam on stream terraces in mesic forests, rich cove forests, and on mafic or ultramafic rocks especially in seepage, serpentine barrens. | PA, MD, and WV south to sw. NC. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola arcuata | Lawns. | Native of e. Asia. Found in Bronx, NY and n. NJ (Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino 2023). |  | |
| Violaceae | Viola arvensis | European Field Pansy | Roadsides, fields, other disturbed habitats. | Native of Europe, widely introduced. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola baxteri | Baxter's Violet | Sandy or rocky loam of limestone prairies and prairie-like openings, often surrounded by richer mesic or swamp forests. | C. NY to sw. Ont. and se. MI, south to sw. PA, sw. OH, nc. KY, and e. IN. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola blanda | Sweet White Violet | Moist microsites in mesic forests on slopes and along streams, often under conifers (e.g., Tsuga), northern, or at higher elevations southwards. | NH and QC west to MN and ne. ND, south to DE, MD, w. NC, n. GA, e. TN, OH, IN, IL, and e. IA. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola brittoniana | Northern Coastal Violet, Coast Violet | Moist to seasonally inundated sandy soils of fields, meadows, trail edges, and forest clearings adjacent to rivers and coastal marshes, also peaty river shores. | MA to SC, along the coast. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola canadensis | Tall White Violet | Rich cove forests, other rich mesic situations, such as floodplains. | NL (Newfoundland) to ON, south to GA, AL, TN, and AR. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola chalcosperma | Jacksonville Violet | Moist soils bordering swamps. | Jacksonville, FL (type locality); may be more widespread in ne. FL than the type locality suggests. | |
| Violaceae | Viola communis | Hooded Blue Violet, Dooryard Violet, Common Blue Violet, Confederate Violet, Sadie Price's Violet | Widespread in moist loam and clay soils of floodplains, thickets, transitioning between forested slopes and swamp or wetland borders, as well as lawns, suburban woodlots, roadsides and other open sites. | Se. PA west to MI and KY, south to VA and MO. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola cucullata | Blue Marsh Violet, Bog Violet | Bogs, seeps, margins of spring branches. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to SC, GA, AL, MS, and MO. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola domestica | Yard Violet | Suburban yards. | MA and NY south to NC and MO, the distribution very poorly known because of past inclusion of this taxon in others. | |
| Violaceae | Viola edulis | Atlantic Coast Salad Violet | Sandy to mucky alluvial soils of low terraces, floodplains and swamps along blackwater streams and rivers. | Se. MD (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016) south to e. GA. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola egglestonii | Eggleston's Violet, Nashville Violet | Calcareous barrens and glades, also in disturbed calcareous sites, including pastures, roadsides, and lawns. | Interior Highlands, s. IN south to nw. GA and n. AL (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), nw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). |  |
| Violaceae | Viola emarginata var. 1 ["phasmatifolia" variant] | Insect-leaf Violet | Somewhat acidic, well-drained sandy soils in oak and oak-pine forests, and open sites along forest borders and roadsides adjacent to open woodlands. | Sc. VA south to sc. NC, in the Piedmont and foothills. | |
| Violaceae | Viola emarginata var. 2 ["deltate" variant] | Somewhat acidic, well-drained sandy soils in oak and oak-pine forests, and open sites along forest borders and roadsides adjacent to open woodlands. | C. NC; disjunct in sw. NC. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola emarginata var. 3 ["Lower Midwest" variant] | Midwest Triangle-leaved Violet | Somewhat acidic, well-drained sandy soils in oak and oak-pine forests, and open sites along forest borders and roadsides adjacent to open woodlands, lowland prairies. | W. MO and e. KS south through AR and e. OK to w. LA and e. TX. | |
| Violaceae | Viola emarginata var. 4 ["Kentucky" variant] | Kentucky Violet | Dry sandy soils in oak and oak-pine woodlands. | WV and s. OH south and west to n. AL, nc. MS, and w. LA. | |
| Violaceae | Viola emarginata var. 5 ["xiphophylla" variant] | Limited information suggests sandy or rocky soils in montane oak and oak-pine forests, or dry open oak barrens. | W. VA and w. NC, as far as known. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola emarginata var. emarginata | Triangle-leaved Violet | Somewhat acidic, well-drained sandy soils in oak and oak-pine forests, and open sites along forest borders and roadsides adjacent to open woodlands. | E. MA and s. NY (Long Island) south to w. NC, e. NC, and sw. GA. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola eriocarpa | Smooth Yellow Forest Violet | Mesic forests and floodplain terraces of brownwater rivers. | QC west to MB south to DE, MD, w. NC, c. GA, AL, AR, and OK. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola fimbriatula | Northern Downy Violet | Somewhat acidic, well-drained sandy and gravelly soils in glades and prairie-like openings, or on slopes of oak forests. | NS west to WI, south to w. NC, e. TN, n. GA, and ne. AL. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola floridana var. 1 ["peninsular Florida" variant] | Peninsular Blue Violet | Loamy soils in mesic forests, floodplain borders and hammocks. | C. peninsular FL. | |
| Violaceae | Viola floridana var. 2 ["rosacea" variant] | Mississippi Blue Violet | Loamy soils in mesic forests, floodplain borders. | S. MS and s. LA. | |
| Violaceae | Viola floridana var. floridana | Florida Blue Violet | Loamy soils in mesic forests, floodplain borders and hammocks. | S. GA south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. AL. | |
| Violaceae | Viola glaberrima | Northern Wedgeleaf Violet | Rich mesic to wet-mesic forests on lower slopes and bottomlands, especially over mafic or calcareous rocks. | Sw. PA, s. OH south to se. KY, sw. NC, c. NC, and nc. SC. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola hastata | Spearleaf Violet, Silverleaf Violet, Halberd-leaf Violet, Halberd-leaved Yellow Violet | Acidic coves, dry-mesic oak forests, bluff forests, bases of rock ledges. | C. and w. PA and ne. OH south to c. GA, Panhandle FL, sc. AL, and se. MS. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola hirsutula | Wood Violet, Southern Woodland Violet | Bottomlands, moist slopes, dry forests and clearings. | CT, NY, PA, OH, and s. IN, south to Panhandle FL, AL, and MS. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola incognita | Common Sweet White Violet, Large-leaved White Violet | Moist to wet forests. | NL (Labrador) to MN and ne. ND, south to DE, PA, and WI, and in the Appalachians south to w. NC. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola inconspicua | Asian Wedgeleaf Violet | Disturbed areas, parking lots, gardens, increasingly appearing in natural areas. | Native of e. Asia. Probably considerably more widespread than currently mapped, spreading rapidly in nursery material. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola labradorica | American Dog-violet | Moist alluvial woodlands and forests, seepage slopes, marl ravines, hammocks. | NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to e. VA, nw. SC (Gaddy et al. 1984), n. GA, c. AL, and OH; disjunct in sw. GA and Panhandle FL. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola lanceolata | Lanceleaf Violet, Northern Water Violet | Bogs, seepage slopes, pitcher plant seepage bogs, streamheads and their margins, small swamp forests, depression ponds, interdune swales and ponds, other wet habitats. | NB west to MN, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola langloisii | Langlois's Violet | Alluvial sand and silt of floodplains and bottomlands in close proximity to the flooding zone, along streams and rivers emptying into the Gulf Coast. | MS to se. OK, south along the w. FL Panhandle and to se. coastal TX. | |
| Violaceae | Viola lovelliana | Lovell's Violet | Dry sandy soils under oak-pine woodlands and forested bluffs. | S. and w. AR to c. OK, south to se. LA and s.-c. TX (reports outside this region are misidentifications). | |
| Violaceae | Viola minuscula | Wild White Violet | Brookbanks, seepages. | NL (Labrador) west to NT, south to GA, AL, MS, MO, SD, CO, UT, NV, and CA. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola missouriensis | Missouri Violet | Sandy soils of bottomland forests along streams, rivers and lakeshores. | W. Midwest, Great Plains and Lower Midwest, c. IN to MN, s. to w. MS, e. TX. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola monacanora | Monacan Violet | Rocky loam soils at moderate elevations. | Endemic to Blue Ridge mountains and upper Piedmont of VA and nw. NC. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola nephrophylla | Northern Bog Violet | Strongly calciphilic, seasonally or perennially saturated open sites such as bedrock pavement, rocky shores, fens, marl bogs and wet prairies, occasionally in disturbed sites especially around crushed limestone. | NL (Newfoundland) and YT south to PA, WV, VA (where perhaps only introduced), IN, IL, LA, TX, CA, and Mexico (COA, NLE, SON). |  |
| Violaceae | Viola odorata | Sweet Violet, English Violet | Gardens, lawns, disturbed places, persistent or weakly spreading from horticultural use. | Native of Europe. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola palmata var. 1 ["pseudostoneana" variant] | Drier to dry sandy, sandy loam in dry oak and oak-pine woods and dry to dry-mesic savannas and closed forests, on slopes and bluffs. | Sc. PA south in the Appalachians to w. NC and e. TN. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola palmata var. 2 ["glabrate palmata" variant] | Alabama Three-lobed Violet | Drier to dry sandy, sandy loam in dry oak and oak-pine woods and dry to dry-mesic savannas and closed forests, on slopes and bluffs. | N. AL. | |
| Violaceae | Viola palmata var. 3 ["Red Hills palmata" variant] | Red Hills Violet | Drier to dry sandy, sandy loam in dry oak and oak-pine woods and dry to dry-mesic savannas and closed forests, on slopes and bluffs. | Coastal Plain, w. GA sc. AL, LA, and s. AR. | |
| Violaceae | Viola palmata var. 4 ["avipes" variant] | Dry woodlands. | Appalachians of VA. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola palmata var. palmata | Southern Three-lobed Violet, Wood Violet | Drier to dry sandy, sandy loam in dry oak and oak-pine woods and dry to dry-mesic savannas and closed forests, on slopes and bluffs. | ME west to WI, south to FL, AL, MS, LA, and TX. Widespread at lower elevations of Piedmont and Coastal Plain in southeastern U.S, and Lower Midwest. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola palmata var. triloba | Northern Three-lobed Violet | Drier to dry sandy, sandy loam in dry oak and oak-pine woods and dry to dry-mesic savannas and closed forests, on slopes and bluffs, ranging into somewhat moister substrates in forested situations, including drier microsites on stream and rivers terraces and borders of swamps. | Ne. US and s. ONT southward into the s. Appalachian highlands, mostly absent from Lower Piedmont and se. Atlantic Coastal Plain, the s. limit in the Gulf States and Lower Midwest unclear. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola pectinata | Pectinate Violet | Moist sandy or peaty soils, sphagnous ground and seeps of coastal (sometimes brackish) marshes and riverbanks, and fields, meadows, trail edges, and forest clearings in formerly natural habitats. | Atlantic coast, MA south to NC. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola pedata ssp. cuneatiloba | Biternate Bird's-foot Violet | Dry rocky or sandy forests, woodlands, glades, and roadbanks. | Sw. NJ and se. PA to w. MD, south to wc. VA and se. WV. | |
| Violaceae | Viola pedata ssp. pedata | Common Bird's-foot Violet | Dry rocky or sandy forests, woodlands, glades, and roadbanks. | NH, NY, MI, WI, MN, and ND south to s. GA, s. AL, s. MS, s. LA, and e. TX. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola pedata var. flabellata | Sandhill Bird’s-foot Violet | Dry to xeric longleaf pine sandhills. | Sc. NC south to c. SC (and perhaps GA). There are a few odd collections in the West Gulf Coastal Plain that resemble var. flabellata. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola pedatifida | Crowfoot Violet | Organic loam of dry-mesic to mesic prairies. | ON west to AB, south to n. OH, IN, AR, OK, NM, and AZ; material disjunct in w. VA attributed as V. pedatifida is a new species, Viola tenuisecta. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola pratincola | Meadow Violet | Wet prairies bordering streams and rivers, less often streambanks and swampy woodlands, often invading anthropogenic sites such as low-lying lawns and railroad rights-of-way. | WI west to ND, south to c. IL, AR, e. TX, and NM. | |
| Violaceae | Viola primulifolia | Primrose-leaf Violet | Bogs, wet savannas, pocosins, sandhill streamhead ecotones, moist organic soils along small streams. | NL (Newfoundland) to ON, south to s. FL, and west to TX and se. OK. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola pubescens | Hairy Yellow Forest Violet | Rich deciduous forests. | ME and s. QC west to SD, south to DE, NC, TN, MO, NE, and TX. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola rafinesquei | Wild Pansy, Field Pansy, Johnny-jump-up | Pastures, roadsides, lawns, other disturbed habitats, less commonly in dry rocky woodlands and barrens. | MA and NY west to SD and CO, south to Panhandle FL, TX, and AZ. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola renifolia | Kidneyleaf Violet | Dry organic-rich often sandy or rocky soil, or ledges in dry or dry-mesic forests, somewhat of a calciphile and often on limestone. | NL west to AK, south to ne. PA, MI, ne. IA, w. SD, CO, ID, and WA. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola retusa | Great Plains Violet | Gravel riverbanks along rivers and streams, sometimes under open woods bordering riverbanks, in the Great Plains. | N. ND to n. WY, south to e. KS, c. TX and nc. CO. | |
| Violaceae | Viola rostrata | Long-spurred Violet | Acidic cove forests, other mesic forests, often under Tsuga canadensis, but also in calcareous forests (as in n. AL). | NH and QC west to WI, south to GA and AL. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola rotundifolia | Roundleaf Yellow Violet, Early Yellow Violet | Rich to acidic coves and other moist forests. | ME to s. ON, south to w. NC, n. GA, and e. TN. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola sagittata | Arrowhead Violet | Dry to moist forests and woodlands. | MA west to MN, south to GA and e. TX. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola selkirkii | Selkirk's Violet, Great Spurred Violet | Cool forests and in rock crevices. | Circumboreal: NL to AK, south to RI, PA, WI, n. MN and n. WA, disjunct in SD and CO; Greenland, Eurasia. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola septemloba | Southern Coastal Violet | Longleaf pine sandhills, other sandy pinelands and secondary habitats derived from them. | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to LA, mainly on the Coastal Plain. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola septentrionalis var. septentrionalis | Northern Wood Violet | Moist woods, moist thickets. | Boreal and montane, interruptedly transcontinental, NL to e.-c. ONT, s. to NJ, PA, along Appalachians to w. NC and e. TN; apparently disjunct in the nw. Rocky Mtns (reports in the s. Great Lakes and Midwest are misidentifications) (P. McMillan, pers. comm.), e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), MI, WI, MT, and WA. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola sororia var. 1 ["glabrous" variant] | Moist forests. | Se. PA, w. VA, w. NC; poorly known and probably more widespread. |  | |
| Violaceae | Viola sororia var. 2 ["hirsutuloides" variant] | Loam or clay soils in dry-mesic to wet-mesic forests, higher ground and terraces or borders of bottomlands. | E. NJ and PA, c. NY, e. OH, w. NC and n. GA. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola sororia var. sororia | Common Blue Violet | Loam or clay soils in dry-mesic to wet-mesic forests, higher ground and terraces or borders of bottomlands, and lawns and other anthropogenically modified sites formerly with native vegetation. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MB, south to s. FL and TX. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola species 2 ["pedatiloba"] | Alluvial sand and silt of floodplains and bottomlands in close proximity to the flooding zone, along streams and rivers emptying into the Gulf Coast. | W. side of the Mississippi Embayment, w. LA, near Crowley and e.-c. AR, should be sought in the intervening region. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola species 3 ["impostor"] | Impostor Violet | Sandy alluvium along streams and rivers, usually near the coast. | Se. lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, se. VA to GA. | |
| Violaceae | Viola species 5 ["Gulf Coastal Plain edulis"] | Moist loamy soils of floodplains, swamps and hammocks. | Confirmed in FL, s. GA and s. AL; the range of this recently detected new species is currently being reinterpreted and is probably broader than presented here. | ||
| Violaceae | Viola stoneana | Stone's Violet | Moist loam of rich mesic forest slopes and bases of slopes. | Local along and near the "fall line" between the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain and the lower Piedmont, se. NY to c. VA; disjunct in ec. NC. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola striata | Cream Violet, Pale Violet | Mesic forests and woodlands, disturbed areas. | MA west to WI, south to GA, AR, and e. OK. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola subsinuata var. 1 ["Chapel Hill" variant] | Chapel Hill Violet | Sandy or rocky loamy soils in rich dry and dry-mesic forests, probably associated with mafic rocks. | Endemic to nc. NC (so far as is known). | |
| Violaceae | Viola subsinuata var. subsinuata | Wavy-leaved Violet | Rich, dry-mesic and dry upland forests, probably associated with mafic rocks. | VT and c. PA south to NC, ne. AL, ne. MS and e. KY; slightly disjunct in e. OH (if these are not de novo hybrids involving V. baxteri) and in northern Piedmont from CT south to NJ. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola tenuipes | Southern Wedge-leaf Violet | Rich dry to dry-mesic forests. | Sw. NC and c. TN south to c. SC, w. GA, FL Panhandle, and c. and nw. AL. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola tenuisecta | Shale Barren Violet | Dry to seasonally moist less acidic sandy soils and rock outcrops in shaded microsites in and around shale barrens. | Endemic to shale barrens slopes of Alleghany and Bath Counties in w. VA; should be sought in adjacent WV. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola tricolor | Pansy, Johnny-jump-up | Lawns, garden borders, railroad rights-of-way, commonly cultivated. | Native of Europe. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola tripartita | Three-parted Yellow Violet | Moist slopes and bottomlands, especially over mafic or calcareous rocks. | Sw. NC and se. TN south to w. SC, nc. GA, and ne. AL; disjunct in s. OH, w. WV, and ne. KY. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola viarum | Limestone Riverbank Violet, Plains Violet | Moist to wet limestone gravel and bedrock riverbanks and streamsides, bluffs, bottomland prairies, and along roadsides and other disturbed areas formerly in natural habitat. | Missouri River and Ozarks in central and lower Midwest, w. IL to se. SD, s. to MO, nw. LA and e. OK (specimens collected outside this region are not typical, do not inhabit the specific habitats of this species, and are suspected of being hybrids). |  |
| Violaceae | Viola villosa | Southern Woolly Violet | Pocosin ecotones, other sites with moist soils, rocky or sandy oak-pine woodlands or wooded slopes. | NC south to n. peninsular FL, west to TX and OK. Reported for VA by Kartesz (1999), on the basis of Massey (1961); report requiring additional documentation. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola vittata | Southern Water Violet, Strap-leaved Violet | Depression ponds, Carolina bays, other wetlands lacking flowing water. | DE and s. NJ south to FL, west to e. TX; nw. IN and ne. IL. |  |
| Violaceae | Viola walteri | Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet | Nutrient-rich woodlands and forests, dolomite bluffs and ledges especially on mafic or calcareous rocks to the north, on coquina limestone (marl) in the SC Coastal Plain, and in sandy or rocky and often more acidic soils in dry or dry-mesic forests southward. | Sc. PA, ne. WV, and w. VA west to sc. OH and AR, south to n. peninsular FL and e. TX. |  |
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