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..2 Leaf blades septate (sometimes obscure in dried specimens; if so, rest leaf on hard surface and run fingernail over it lengthwise).
....3 Mature seeds distinctly tailed with elongate appendages at each end (may be obscure in J. subcaudatus), seeds 0.7-2.5 mm long; [subgenus Juncus, section Ozophyllum]
....3 Mature seeds without appendages, < 0.7 mm long.
......4 Flowers solitary (rarely up to 3) along branches of inflorescence; flowers often aborted; inflorescence diffuse, with slender flexuous branches; [subgenus Juncus, section Ozophyllum]