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Key to Convolvulaceae

Convolvulaceae

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1 Plant parasitic; stems orange; [tribe Cuscuteae)
1 Plant photosynthetic; stems green.
  2 Corolla minute (0.1-0.2 cm long), much shorter than calyx lobes; capsules deeply 2-lobed; leaves orbicular-reniform (appearing Asarum-like in shape), with long petioles, not fleshy; [tribe Dichondreae]
  2 Corolla 1-10 cm long (or if < 1 cm as in Poranopsis, then the corolla longer than the calyx, and flowers borne in large panicles); capsules not deeply lobed; leaves various, but not as above (if rarely orbicular, then leaves fleshy and plants of beach habitats as in Convolvulus soldanella, Ipomoea brasiliensis, and Ipomoea imperati), the petioles short or absent.
    3 Flowers numerously arranged in large panicles; [uncommon non-native, se. FL]
    3 Flowers not arranged in large panicles; [widespread, native and non-native].
      4 Styles 2, free or only fused basally; leaves cuneate or rounded at the base, and narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear in outline; [tribe Cresseae].
        5 Styles free, each 2-cleft, the stigmas therefore 4, linear-filiform
        5 Styles free or fused at the base, the stigmas 2, globose-peltate or capitate.
          6 Leaf blades 1-10 mm long (sometimes scale-like), corollas 5-7 mm long; [saline or alkaline habitats, TX southward]
          6 Leaf blades 10-60 mm long (sometimes linear, but never scale-like); corolla (8-)10-100 mm long; [habitats various, collectively widespread]
             7 Flowers 70-100 mm long; leaves ovate, < 2× as long as wide; [FL only, north to Marion County]
             7 Flowers (8-)10-25 mm long; leaves narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear, > 2× as long as wide; [widespread in our area, primarily in the Coastal Plain]
      4 Styles 1 (sometimes with 2 stigmas, or a bilobed stigma); leaves cordate, sagittate, or truncate at the base, and (mostly) ovate in outline.
               8 Calyx concealed by 2 large bracts; [tribe Convolvuleae]
               8 Calyx not concealed by bracts (Aniseia sometimes with 3 large outer sepals appearing superficially similar to bracts).
                 9 Outer 3 sepals distinctly wider and longer than the inner sepals (and lacking an attenuated tip).
                 9 Outer 3 sepals similarly sized to the inner, or if longer then with an attenuated tip.
                   10 Capsules indehiscent (not splitting); leaves abaxially black-glandular-punctate; [uncommon non-native, s. FL]
                   10 Capsules dehiscent (splitting at maturity); leaves not abaxially black-glandular-punctate; [widespread, natives and non-natives]
                     11 Stigmas 2, the lobes not capitate or globse (instead cylindric or elliptic to subulate); leaves 2-4 cm long, truncate or weakly hastate at base; corolla white or pink.
                       12 Stigmas elongate but not linear; [tribe Jacquemontiae]
                       12 Stigmas filiform; [tribe Convolvuleae]
                     11 Stigma 1, capitate or globse (sometimes 2-lobed); leaves 3-15 cm long, mostly strongly hastate or cordate at base; corolla white, pink, lavender, blue, yellow, orange, or red. ADD CAMONEA
                          13 Anthers straight after dehiscence; fruits valvate-dehiscent; [tribe Ipomoeeae]
                          13 Anthers coiled after dehiscence (making 1-4 complete 360 degree turns); fruits longitudinally or irregularly dehiscent; [tribe Merremieae].
                            14 Leaf blades unlobed, simple; flowers yellow
                            14 Leaf blades palmately lobed or compound; flowers primarily white with lighter purple or blue coloration (except Distimake tuberosus, which has yellow flowers but deeply palmately lobed leaves).
                              15 Fruit a four-valved capsule; [s. GA and FL to TX in our region]
                              15 Fruit an operculate capsule (with a leathery exocarp that falls off like a lid and a brittle endocarp that shatters irregularly); [s. TX only in our region]