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1 Flower solitary (rarely 2 or 3); corolla spotted within; leaves twisted, oblanceolate to oblinear; [subgenus Pneumonanthe, series Angustifoliae]. |
2 Calyx lobes widest at base, the sides then parallel upward for a distance; corolla exterior intensely indigo blue; [of s. NJ and adjacent DE, and from se. VA south through e. NC to nc. SC] |
2 Calyx lobes widest above the base, narrowing upward and downward from that point; corolla exterior dull purplish-green; [of FL Panhandle] |
1 Flowers clustered; corolla not spotted within; leaves planar, mostly lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate (rarely linear); subgenus Pneumonanthe, series Pneumonanthe]. |
3 Corolla white or greenish white to yellowish white (sometimes with purplish venation but not otherwise tinged with blue except when senescing); calyx lobes keeled or not. |
4 Leaves widest below the middle, acuminate; calyx usually < 1.5 cm; seed winged |
4 Leaves widest near or above middle, acute to obtuse but not acuminate; calyx usually >2 cm; seed unwinged |
3 Corolla blue, purplish blue, pale blue, or white but then usually tinged with blue; calyx lobes not keeled |
5 Corolla greenish-white (sometimes somewhat purplish); seeds wingless; lower leaves spatulate to obovate |
5 Corolla blue, purplish, pale blue, or nearly white; seeds winged; lower leaves linear, lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate. |
6 Margins of leaves and calyx lobes entire to minutely denticulate; corolla appendages obliquely triangular, broader than high (sometimes with a minute deflexed segment) |
6 Margins of leaves and calyx lobes conspicuously ciliate (as seen at 10× magnification); corolla appendages with 2 teeth, as long as broad or longer (sometimes with a deflexed segment, if so, the deflexed segment about as long as the erect one). |
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7 Anthers connate at anthesis; outer surfaces of petals not suffused with green; calyx lobes various; corolla lobes usually shorter. |
8 Calyx lobes linear- subulate, broadest at the base, 4× or more as long as broad, shorter than the densely puberulent calyx tube; stems densely puberulent; corolla appendages very unevenly bifid, the narrower segment often deflexed into the corolla tube |
8 Calyx lobes lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or orbicular, 1-5× as long as broad, longer or shorter than the glabrous or puberulent calyx tube; stems glabrous or puberulent; corolla appendages subequally bifid, both segments erect. |
9 Involucral and upper leaves obtuse to acute (rarely acuminate); calyx lobes lanceolate; corollas open to loosely closed. |
10 Leaves ovate, widest near the base, bright green; calyx lobes longer than the calyx tube; corolla lobes spreading, usually 2-4 mm longer than the appendages |
10 Leaves linear to elliptic, widest near the middle, dark green; calyx lobes shorter than or about equal to the calyx tube; corolla lobes usually incurved, rarely exceeding the appendages by > 2 mm |
9 Involucral and upper leaves acuminate; calyx lobes ovate- orbicular; corollas tightly closed (rarely loosely closed to open). |
11 Corolla lobes reduced to a minute mucro or triangular tooth (0.5-1.0 mm long), much exceeded by the corolla appendages in both length and width |
11 Corolla lobes about as wide as the corolla appendages, and either about as long as or much exceeded by the corolla appendages in length. |
12 Calyx tubes densely puberulent; calyx lobes lanceolate, erect or ascending; stems papillose- puberulent; filaments 7-12 mm long; corolla lobes 1.5-3 mm, often triangular, about 0.5-0.6× as wide as the corolla appendages |
12 Calyx tubes glabrous; calyx lobes either widely elliptic, ovate, obovate, orbicular, or rhombic, spreading widely, or lanceolate and ascending; stems glabrous; filaments 8-15 mm long; corolla lobes 0.7-5.0 mm long, usually rounded, about as wide as the corolla appendages. |
13 Calyx lobes lanceolate and ascending, > 2.5× as long as wide; filaments 8-12 mm long; corolla lobes 1.5-3 mm long, shorter than the corolla appendages; [IL and MO northwards and westwards] |
13 Calyx lobes widely elliptic, ovate, obovate, orbicular, or rhombic, spreading widely, all or most of them < 2× as long as wide; filaments 10-15 mm long; corolla lobes either 0.7-2.0 mm or 2.5-5.0 mm long; [sw. NC and e. TN northwards, mainly Appalachian]. |
14 Calyx lobes widely obovate to orbicular, 2-10 mm long; corolla lobes 0.7-2.0 mm long; [sw. NC and e. TN northwards, mainly Appalachian] |
14 Calyx lobes obovate, elliptic, ovate, orbicular, or rhombic, (3-) 5-25 (-35) mm long; corolla lobes 2.5-5.0 mm long; [Mountains of NC, south of Asheville] |