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Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus. Common name: Northern Hackberry. Phenology: Mar-May; Aug-Oct. Habitat: Xeric to mesic glades, outcrops, barrens, woodlands, and bottomland forests, usually over calcareous substrates. Distribution: NH, QC, MB, and MT south to Panhandle FL, nc. TX, and ne. NM.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Synonymy ⓘ: = Ar, C, Can, FNA3, G, K4, Mi, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, S, S13, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WV; = Celtis occidentalis L. var. occidentalis — RAB; < Celtis occidentalis L. — WH3; > Celtis occidentalis L. var. canina (Raf.) Sarg. — F, GrPl, Il, Tat; > Celtis occidentalis L. var. crassifolia (Lam.) A.Gray — Tat; > Celtis occidentalis L. var. occidentalis — F, GrPl, Il, Tat; > Celtis occidentalis L. var. pumila (Pursh) A.Gray — F, GrPl, Il, misapplied. Basionym: Celtis occidentalis L. 1753

Links to other floras: = Celtis occidentalis - FNA3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Great Plains: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Midwest: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily ⓘ: 5

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image of plant© Shaun Pogacnik, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Shaun Pogacnik source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Joey Shaw source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Nate Hartley, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Nate Hartley source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Nate Hartley, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Nate Hartley source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Susie Doe, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), uploaded by Susie Doe source CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Joey Shaw source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Cricket Raspet, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Cricket Raspet source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Sequoia Janirella Wrens, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Sequoia Janirella Wrens source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© cassi saari, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by cassi saari source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

NCBG trait

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Height: 40-60 feet

plant sale text: Common hackberry is distinguished by its unusual, corky bark with warty protuberances. It produces abundant reddish-purple drupes in the fall which birds relish. Common hackberry typically grows in floodplains and bottomlands, but it will tolerate a wide range of soil conditions and is well suited to growing in an urban environment. Several species of moth and butterflies rely on this tree species as a larval host and nectar source.

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