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Celtis pumila Pursh. Common name: Dwarf Hackberry, Georgia Hackberry. Phenology: Apr-May; Aug-Oct. Habitat: Xeric to mesic glades, outcrops, barrens, woodlands, exposed bluffs, stream banks, and disturbed areas, often over calcareous substrate. Distribution: NJ, PA, IN, IL, and KS south to Panhandle FL and TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: C. pumila Pursh has priority over C. tenuifolia Nuttall; the description in Pursh's flora ("a small straggling bush"), and more critically the type specimen, conform to what has more generally been known as C. tenuifolia (Whittemore in Yatskievych 2013). This species is mainly an apomictic triploid.

Synonymy ⓘ: = Mo3, NY; = Celtis georgiana Small — S, S13; = Celtis occidentalis L. var. georgiana (Small) H.E.Ahles — RAB; = Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. — Ar, C, Can, FNA3, G, GrPl, K4, Mi, NS, Pa, POWO, Tn, Va, W, WV; < Celtis occidentalis L. — WH3; > Celtis pumila Pursh var. georgiana (Small) Sarg. — Tat; > Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. var. georgiana (Small) Fernald & Schub. — F, Il, Tx; > Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. var. tenuifolia — F, Il, Tx. Basionym: Celtis pumila Pursh 1814 [1813]

Links to other floras: = Celtis tenuifolia - FNA3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Great Plains: FACU (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Midwest: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily ⓘ: 7

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image of plant© Alvin Diamond, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Alvin Diamond source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman source CC-BY-SA | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman source CC-BY-SA | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Nathan Aaron, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Nathan Aaron source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Celtis tenuifolia, pistillate (female) flowers, Stone Mountain Park, Dekalb County, Georgia 1 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Celtis tenuifolia, staminate (male) flowers, Stone Mountain Park, Dekalb County, Georgia 2 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman source CC-BY-SA | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman source CC-BY-SA | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Richard & Teresa Ware CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Bruce A. Sorrie | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plantno rights reserved, uploaded by Kathleen Houlahan Chayer source CC0 | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman source CC-BY-SA | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

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Height: 6-36 ft.

plant sale text: Dwarf hackberry is an uncommon to rare shrub or small tree of rocky habitats, most common over basic rock. It is drought tolerant, and slow-growing, but cannot grow in full shade. It grows in dry upland habitats, including open woodlands and sandy near-shore habitats. Flowers are monoecious and unisexual, occurring either solitarily or in small clusters. This species is wind-pollinated. The fruit is a 5-8mm berry-like drupe, changing from green to light orange, dark red, and then purplish-brown. The Celtis genus supports up to 41 lepidoptera species.

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native range: central & eastern U.S.



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