*Euphorbia helioscopia Linnaeus. Wartweed, Madwoman’s-milk, Sun Spurge, Summer Spurge. Phen: Late Mar-Jun. Hab: Disturbed areas, roadsides, cultivated ground. Dist: Native of Europe.

Origin/Endemic status: Europe

Synonymy: = C, F, FNA12, G, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tn, Tx, Va, Ward (2023) in Weakley et al. (2023, in press); = Galarhoeus helioscopia (L.) Haw. – S; > Euphorbia helioscopia L. ssp. helioscopia – Govaerts, Frodin, & Radcliffe-Smith (2000)

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