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Arisaema triphyllum (Linnaeus) Schott. Section: Pistillata. Common name: Common Jack-in-the-pulpit. Phenology: Mar-Apr. Habitat: Mesic forests, bottomlands. Distribution: NB west to se. MB, south to Panhandle FL, LA, and e. TX (Treiber 1980).

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: This taxon is tetraploid (2n=56).

Synonymy : = Spaulding et al (2019); = Arisaema atrorubens (Aiton) Blume – F; = Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. triphyllum – Il, K1, K3, K4, Mo1, NE, NY, Pa, Tn, Va, Gusman & Gusman (2002), Huttleston (1949), Huttleston (1981), Treiber (1980); = Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott var. triphyllum – C, Tx, Ward (2012b); < Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott – Ar, ETx1, FNA22, GrPl, GW1, Mi, Ok, RAB, S, S13, Tat, W, WH3

Links to other floras: < Arisaema triphyllum - FNA22

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACW (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Great Plains: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Midwest: FACW (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily : 2

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image of plant© Will Stuart | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Keith Bradley | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Rob Gardner | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

NCBG trait

Intro: Erect, scapose perennial of moist hardwood forests and bottomlands.

Stems: Flowering scape unbranched, smooth, separate from leaf stalks.

Leaves: Leaves 1-2, each divided into 3-5 oval or lance-shaped leaflets that are 2-7 in. long; leaflets with a vein running parallel to the margin, whitish underneath, smooth and glossy.

Inforescence:

Flowers: Flowers minute, sessile and densely clustered on a green or yellow spadix, which is enclosed and hooded by an ornate white- or purple-striped green spathe; the flowers lack petals and sepals and a plant may have all female (pistillate), all male (staminate), or both kinds of flowers (all-male plants tend to be smaller).

Fruits: Fruit a cluster of bright red berries in a conical head at tip of spadix.

Comments: The related and similar Arisaema pusillum has leaves that are green (not whitish) beneath; the small flange at the base of the spathe is hardly detectable in A. pusillum. They occur in the same habitat and may even occur together {????}

Height: 1-2 ft.

plant sale text: Jack-in-the-pulpit is equally happy in moist or average soils. The flower-like spathes of this native perennial add a dramatic touch to the shade garden. Clusters of brilliant red berries follow in late summer. The handsome foliage provides an excellent contrast to more delicate woodland plants. Light fertilization during the winter months helps produce a superior specimen. (Do not fertilize during active growth or the plant may go prematurely dormant.)

bloom table text:

description: Erect, scapose perennial of moist hardwood forests and bottomlands.

stems: Flowering scape unbranched, smooth, separate from leaf stalks.

leaves: Leaves 1-2, each divided into 3-5 oval or lance-shaped leaflets that are 2-7 in. long; leaflets with a vein running parallel to the margin, whitish underneath, smooth and glossy.

inflorescence:

flowers: Flowers minute, sessile and densely clustered on a green or yellow spadix, which is enclosed and hooded by an ornate white- or purple-striped green spathe; the flowers lack petals and sepals and a plant may have all female (pistillate), all male (staminate), or both kinds of flowers (all-male plants tend to be smaller).

fruits: Fruit a cluster of bright red berries in a conical head at tip of spadix.

comments: The related and similar Arisaema pusillum has leaves that are green (not whitish) beneath; the small flange at the base of the spathe is hardly detectable in A. pusillum. They occur in the same habitat and may even occur together {????}

cultural notes:

germination code:

native range: eastern North America