Viola labradorica Schrank. Section: Viola. Subsection: Rostratae. American Dog-violet. Phen: Chasmogamous flower Mar-Jul; chasmogamous fruit Jun-Aug; cleistogamous fruit Aug-Sep. Hab: Moist alluvial woodlands and forests, seepage slopes, marl ravines, hammocks. Dist: NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to e. VA, nw. SC (Gaddy et al. 1984), n. GA, c. AL, and OH; disjunct in sw. GA and Panhandle FL.

ID notes: This species might be confused with the caulescent habit and white to occasionally pale violet flower of the newly confirmed Asian introduction V. arcuata if the deltate-ovate to deltate-reniform leaf blades and entire or minutely toothed stipules of the latter were ignored, but the few fine nectar-guide lines on the spurred petal and the longer spur would differentiate V. labradorica. It is similar to V. appalachiensis in general foliage and pubescence characters, pale blue corolla with moderately long spur, and weakly lacerate stipules, but it is not mat-forming and the stems are annually deciduous.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Ballard (1992) concluded that V. conspersa was not distinct from V. labradorica.

Synonymy ⓘ: = Fl2, FNA6, Il, K1, K3, K4, NE, Pa, Tn, Va, WH3, Ballard () (in prep), Ballard (1992a), Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023), Haines (2001), McKinney & Russell (2002); > Viola conspersa Rchb. – C, F, G, GW2, RAB, S, S13, Tat, W, WV

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
• Great Plains: FAC
• Midwest: FACW
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC

Heliophily ⓘ: 2