Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Delarbre. Section: Persicaria. Willow-weed, Dockleaf Smartweed, Pale Smartweed. Phen: Jun-Dec. Hab: Bottomlands, bottomland fields, disturbed areas. Dist: Nearly cosmopolitan in current distribution, the original distributions hard to interpret, sometimes regarded as having both native and introduced elements in North America.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: If two species are recognized, Persicaria lapathifolia is the European, and Persicaria incarnata is native in eastern North America.

Synonymy ⓘ: = Ar, Fl4, FNA5, Il, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, S, Tn, Tx, Va, Atha, Nee, & Naczi (2010); = Polygonum lapathifolium L. – C, GW2, K1, NcTx, RAB, Tat, W, WH3, WV, Horton (1972), Mitchell & Dean (1978); > Persicaria incarnata (Elliott) Small – S13; > Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre – S13; > Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. lapathifolium – F, G; > Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. nodosum (Raf.) Weinm. – G; > Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. ovatum A.Braun – F; > Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. prostratum Wimm. – F; > Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth. – F; > Polygonum scabrum Moench – F

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACW
• Great Plains: OBL
• Midwest: FACW
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACW

Heliophily ⓘ: 7